ArticleThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics2019
In Utero Exposure to Norbuprenorphine, a Major Metabolite of Buprenorphine, Induces Fetal Opioid Dependence and Leads to Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.
Article in The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacometric modeling of opioid disposition in pregnancy: a systematic review of PopPK and PBPK approaches, model limitations, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Reviewing the Impact of Maternal Opioid Use Disorder on Fetal Development and Long-Term Pediatric Health Outcomes.Cureus · 2024Review
- Limited bedding and nesting increases ethanol drinking in female rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Article
- Advances in animal models of prenatal opioid exposure.Trends in neurosciences · 2024Review
- Forecasting Fetal Buprenorphine Exposure through Maternal-Fetal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- An Examination of the Complex Pharmacological Properties of the Non-Selective Opioid Modulator Buprenorphine.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Interaction between buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Deuterated buprenorphine retains pharmacodynamic properties of buprenorphine and resists metabolism to the active metabolite norbuprenorphine in rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Consequences of Parental Opioid Exposure on Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Health in the Next Generations.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- CNS organoids: an innovative tool for neurological disease modeling and drug neurotoxicity screening.Drug discovery today · 2020Review
- Pharmacological Prevention of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal in a Pregnant Guinea Pig Model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Automated quantification of opioid withdrawal in neonatal rat pups using Ethovision® XT software.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Buprenorphine is the preferred treatment of opioid use disorder during pregnancy but can cause fetal opioid dependence and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Notably, withdrawal severity is independent of maternal buprenorphine dose, suggesting that interindividual variance in pharmacokinetics may influence risk and severity of NOWS. Using a rat model of NOWS, we tested the hypothesis that clinically relevant doses of the active metabolite norbuprenorphine (NorBUP) can induce in utero opioid dependence, manifested as naltrexone-precipitated withdrawal signs in the neonate. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were implanted with 14-day osmotic minipumps containing vehicle, morphine (positive control), or NorBUP (0.3-10 mg/kg per day) on gestation day 9. By 12 hours post-delivery, an intraperitoneal injection of the opioid antagonist naltrexone (1 or 10 mg/kg) or saline was administered to pups. Precipitated withdrawal signs were graded by raters blinded to treatment conditions. In a separate group, NorBUP concentrations in maternal and fetal blood and brain on gestation day 20 were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Steady-state maternal blood concentrations of NorBUP in dams infused with 1 or 3 mg/kg per day were comparable to values reported in pregnant humans treated with buprenorphine (1.0 and 9.6 ng/ml, respectively), suggesting a clinically relevant dosing regimen. At these doses, NorBUP increased withdrawal severity in the neonate as shown by an evaluation of 10 withdrawal indicators. These findings support the possibility that NorBUP contributes to fetal opioid dependence and NOWS following maternal buprenorphine treatment during pregnancy.
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Registered trials
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