ReviewAnnual review of immunology2019
Neuroinflammation During RNA Viral Infections.
Review in Annual review of immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of herpes zoster infection, antivirals and vaccination on risk of developing dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Porcine coronavirus promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation during virus-induced neuroinflammation.mBio · 2026Article
- Synthetic viral RNA mimetics induce neuronal loss through microglial phagocytosis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Article
- Cytokine-mediated immune-to-brain signaling in neural circuit disorders.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical Spectrum and Exploratory Mortality Markers in Hospitalized Patients with Different Clinical Presentations of West Nile Virus Infection: A Multicenter Cohort from Southern Italy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Brain endothelial cells orchestrate a neuroprotective antiviral state in the CNS in response to peripheral viral pattern sensing.Immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Acute viral encephalitis impacts dense-core amyloid plaque pathology and dysregulates myeloid responses to amyloid plaques.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The association between virus-induced spinal cord pathology and the genetic background of the host.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomics uncovers vasculature-centered cellular interactions driving Japanese encephalitis progression in a mouse model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Neuropathogenesis of Usutu virus-associated disease in Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula) involves apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Characterization of effects of a neurotropic murine coronavirus infection on Alzheimer's disease neuropathology of 5xFAD mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rift Valley fever virus activates multiple cell death pathways in neurons.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- RNA-seq variants reveal distinct patterns in the aging epitranscriptome: an in-depth analysis of age-matched Alzheimer's Disease patients and a cognitively normal cohort.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A sex-biased response of the adult brain to Zika virus infection: from down-regulation of neuronal IRF3 to enhanced pathology in adult female mice.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Article
- Decoding IFN-mediated immunity and cell dynamics in viral encephalitis: Insights from coxsackievirus B3 infection.iScience · 2026Article
- Severe Usutu Virus Encephalitis Treated With Corticosteroids: A Case Report.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A Review of Cutaneous Viral Infections and Their Potential Role in Neurologic Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neurotropic RNA viruses continue to emerge and are increasingly linked to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) despite viral clearance. Indeed, the overall mortality of viral encephalitis in immunocompetent individuals is low, suggesting efficient mechanisms of virologic control within the CNS. Both immune and neural cells participate in this process, which requires extensive innate immune signaling between resident and infiltrating cells, including microglia and monocytes, that regulate the effector functions of antiviral T and B cells as they gain access to CNS compartments. While these interactions promote viral clearance via mainly neuroprotective mechanisms, they may also promote neuropathology and, in some cases, induce persistent alterations in CNS physiology and function that manifest as neurologic and psychiatric diseases. This review discusses mechanisms of RNA virus clearance and neurotoxicity during viral encephalitis with a focus on the cytokines essential for immune and neural cell inflammatory responses and interactions. Understanding neuroimmune communications in the setting of viral infections is essential for the development of treatments that augment neuroprotective processes while limiting ongoing immunopathological processes that cause ongoing CNS disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.