ArticlePloS one2019
Estimated cost of comprehensive syringe service program in the United States.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Informing the Equitable Implementation of Hepatitis C Interventions: Cost-Effectiveness Modeling in Rural Populations of People Who Inject Drugs.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Projected Outcomes of Reducing Federal Funding for Syringe Service Programs via Executive Order.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Health Benefits, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness of Jail-Based Hepatitis C Elimination Strategies.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Article
- Willingness to use a mobile syringe service program among people who inject drugs in rural Appalachia.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Micro-costing analysis of harm reduction services in office-based addiction treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Health and Economic Impact of Periodic Hepatitis C Virus Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Financial barriers, facilitators, and strategies among syringe services programs in the U.S., and their impact on implementation and health outcomes.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2024Article
- Funding and Delivery of Syringe Services Programs in the United States, 2022.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- How do contextual factors influence naloxone distribution from syringe service programs in the USA: a cross-sectional study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- The estimated costs and benefits of a hypothetical supervised consumption site in Providence, Rhode Island.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Modeling the cost-effectiveness and impact on fatal overdose and initiation of buprenorphine-naloxone treatment at syringe service programs.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Implementation and first-year operating costs of an academic medical center-based syringe services program.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Hospital admissions and mortality due to complications of injection drug use in two hospitals in Regina, Canada: retrospective chart review.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness of syringe service programs, medications for opioid use disorder, and combination programs in hepatitis C harm reduction among opioid injection drug users: a public payer perspective using a decision tree.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2021Article
- Harm Reduction Services to Prevent and Treat Infectious Diseases in People Who Use Drugs.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2020Review
- Implementation Evaluation of a Multicomponent Intervention to Address the Infectious Disease and Overdose Syndemic Among People Who Use Drugs in Rural Settings.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the cost of establishing and operating a comprehensive syringe service program (SSP) free to clients in the United States.
methodsWe identified the major cost components of a comprehensive SSP: (one-time start-up cost, and annual costs associated with personnel, operations, and prevention/medical services) and estimated the anticipated total costs (2016 US dollars) based on program size (number of clients served each year) and geographic location of the service (rural, suburban, and urban).
resultsThe estimated costs ranged from $0.4 million for a small rural SSP (serving 250 clients) to $1.9 million for a large urban SSP (serving 2,500 clients), of which 1.6% and 0.8% is the start-up cost of a small rural and large urban SSP, respectively. Cost per syringe distributed varied from $3 (small urban SSP) to $1 (large rural SSP), and cost per client per year varied from $2000 (small urban SSP) to $700 (large rural SSP).
conclusionsEstimates of the cost of SSPs in the United States vary by number of clients served and geographic location of service. Accurate costing can be useful for planning programs, developing policy, allocating funds for establishing and supporting SSPs, and providing data for economic evaluation of SSPs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.