ArticlePloS one2019
Evolving understanding of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial disease in people living with HIV and role of novel biomarkers. A study of the Spanish CoRIS cohort, 2004-2015.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Higher cardiovascular disease risks in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Microbial metabolite-driven mechanisms linking the gut microbiome to atherosclerosis: multi-omic and translational perspectives.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Peripheral Arterial Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- No accelerated progression of subclinical atherosclerosis with integrase strand transfer inhibitors compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- HIV Promotes Neurocognitive Impairment by Damaging the Hippocampal Microvessels.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with advanced presentation and perioperative mortality in patients undergoing surgery for peripheral arterial disease.Journal of vascular surgery · 2022Article
- Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in HIV-Positive Men with and without Antiretroviral Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Residual Viremia Is Linked to a Specific Immune Activation Profile in HIV-1-Infected Adults Under Efficient Antiretroviral Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Deep Phenotyping of HIV Neurocognitive Complications Among Individuals Residing in High-Income Countries.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
- Short-term Increase in Risk of Overweight and Concomitant Systolic Blood Pressure Elevation in Treatment-Naïve Persons Starting INSTI-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo analyze the incidence rates (IR) and spectrum of vascular events in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain from 2004 to 2015. Serial measurements of different plasma cardiovascular biomarkers were assessed in relation to disease development.
methodsLongitudinal study in a nationwide contemporary multicenter cohort of PLWH. A nested case-control study was performed to evaluate the predictive value of cardiovascular biomarkers. Additive generalized and Cox mixed models were used for the analyses.
results9,712 PLWH and 48,341 person-years of follow-up were analysed. During 2004-2015, 147 persons developed 154 vascular events; 80 (54.42%) coronary-related; 65 (44.22%) cerebrovascular-related, and 9 (6.12%) peripheral arterial disease. The 2004-2015 IR (95% confidence interval) of vascular events was 3.17 (2.69-3.71) x1,000 person-years; 1.64 (1.30-2.05) for coronary events; 1.34 (1.03-1.70) for cerebrovascular events; and 0.19 (0.09-0.35) for peripheral arterial disease (p<0.001). IR of vascular events gradually increased from 0.37 (0.12-0.85) x1,000 patient-years in the stratum 25-34-years to 19.65 (6.38-45.85) x1,000 patient-years in the stratum 75-84-years. Compared to the general population, there was a higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in men (sIR ratio 1.29 [95% CI 1.16-1.42]), of cerebrovascular events in women (sIR ratio 2.44 [95% CI 1.68-3.19]), and of both types of events specifically among the younger age-strata. CD4 count (hazard ratio 0.80, [95% CI, 0.79-0.81]), age (1.86 [1.47-2.34] for 45-65 years and 3.44 [2.37-4.97] for >65 years) and vascular event (1.81 [1.12-2.94]) were associated with total mortality. Adjusted levels of intercellular-adhesion-molecule (sICAM), pro-b-type-natriuretic-peptide (pro-BNP) and marginally sCD14, were higher among patients who subsequently developed vascular events.
conclusionVascular events in PLWH do preferentially occur in the older age-strata, they are associated with increased mortality and, compared to the general population, the excess risk occurs at younger ages. Peripheral arterial disease is unusual. Vascular events are preceded by increased levels of sICAM, pro-BNP and, marginally, sCD14.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.