Observational studyJournal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association2019
Characterization of Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Preterm and Term Mother's Milk.
Observational study in Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microchimerism: The Hidden Cellular Dialogue Between Mother and Fetal That Shapes Lifelong Immunity.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- "Breast is Best": does this also apply to neonatal neuroprotection?Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Parity Influences the Immune Profile of Human Milk via Increased T Lymphocyte Content.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Breast Milk Proteome: Changes in the Different Stages of Lactation and Impacts of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Body Mass Index.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Equine Colostrum-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Potential Resource for Veterinary Regenerative Medicine.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- They will be famous: Multipotent stem cells in breast milk.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Review
- Breast Milk Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neonatal Diseases.Current stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Human breastmilk memory T cells throughout lactation manifest activated tissue-oriented profile with prominent regulation.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Maternal-Fetal Microchimerism: Impacts on Offspring's Immune Development and Transgenerational Immune Memory Transfer.Physiological research · 2024Review
- The Effects of Different Storage Conditions on Leukocytes in Human Breast Milk.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2024Article
- Changes in the Immunology of Breast Milk From Obese or Overweight Women: a Brief Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Grossly Bloody Colostrum-The Need for Staff Education and Maternal Support.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Regenerative Potential of Human Breast Milk: A Natural Reservoir of Nutrients, Bioactive Components and Stem cells.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2023Review
- Dynamic change, influencing factors, and clinical impact of cellular components in human breast milk.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Parental factors that impact the ecology of human mammary development, milk secretion, and milk composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 1.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Profiling of mature-stage human breast milk cells identifies six unique lactocyte subpopulations.Science advances · 2022Article
- Study of Stem Cells in Human Milk.Cureus · 2022Article
- Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Breast Milk and the Importance of Chrononutrition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Human Milk.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman milk is known to be rich in cellular components, including stem cells and immune cells. However, the dynamics of these cellular components at different lactation stages, and the differences between milk for preterm and term infants, are poorly understood. RESEARCH
aimTo identify changes in the cellular components of human milk at different lactation stages, and to explore the associations of these changes with maternal and infant characteristics.
methodsForty mothers of newborns of different gestational ages were enrolled. Colostrum, transitional, and mature milk samples were collected. Stem cell and immune cell molecule markers were detected using flow cytometry. Pluripotent genes (SOX2, NANOG, OCT4, and KLF4) were detected via quantitative real-time PCR.
resultsHuman milk contained some stem cells but more immune cells. The percentages of hemopoietic stem cells were significantly higher in mature milk than in colostrum, and the percentages of total immune cells were lower in mature milk than in colostrum. The percentages of hemopoietic stem cells in colostrum and transitional milk were influenced by gestational age. Some minor differences in the cell composition of human milk could be explained by maternal body mass index, the mode of delivery, and parity.
conclusionOur results again confirmed that human milk contains stem cells. Additionally, the percentages of hemopoietic stem cells and major immune cells changed dynamically at different lactation stages and were associated with gestational age at delivery.
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Registered trials
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