SynthesisJMIR mHealth and uHealth2019
Augmented Reality in Medicine: Systematic and Bibliographic Review.
Synthesis in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 319 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of the extended reality technologies in simulation-based health professions education: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Mixed Reality in Oral Surgery Training: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Intraoperative application of mixed and augmented reality for digital surgery: a systematic review of ethical issues.Frontiers in surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Accuracy of Augmented Reality-Assisted Navigation in Dental Implant Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- More than surgical tools: a systematic review of robots as didactic tools for the education of professionals in health sciences.Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice · 2022Pooled it
- Utility of optical see-through head mounted displays in augmented reality-assisted surgery: A systematic review.Medical image analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Applications of Extended Reality in Ophthalmology: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Image Overlay Surgery Based on Augmented Reality: A Systematic Review.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2020Pooled it
- Glitches to growth: Lessons learned from developing and testing an augmented reality smartphone app for substance use treatment.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Delivering remote procedural training on peripheral intravenous cannulation to medical students using the Microsoft Hololens 2: a mixed-methods evaluation.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- Pediatric Chest Compression Improvement Via Augmented Reality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Feedback in Community General Emergency Departments: A Mixed-Methods Simulation-Based Pilot Study.The Journal of emergency medicine · 2023Trial
- Augmented reality as a novel approach for addiction treatment: development of a smoking cessation app.Annals of medicine · 2022Trial
- The Contemporary Role of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Radiation Oncology: A Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Use of extended reality, virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality in clinical practice, education and research in knee arthroplasty: A scoping review.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- From 3D Surface Documentation to Visualization in Forensic Practice: A Review of Current Methods and Emerging Technologies.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Review
- New technologies in medical education: An umbrella review on recent evidence.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Review
- Augmented reality in clinical skills simulation: usability and feasibility of smart glasses in a simulated environment.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2026Article
- Evaluation of augmented reality for interstitial brachytherapy optimisation: a prospective phantom-based study protocol and preliminary results.Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Application of HoloLens Mixed Reality Combined with Eye Tracking and Visual Perception Technologies in Pediatric Orthopedic 3D Education.Journal of medical systems · 2025Review
- Computer vision syndrome: a comprehensive literature review.Future science OA · 2025Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAugmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information into the user's real-world environment. It offers a new approach for treatments and education in medicine. AR aids in surgery planning and patient treatment and helps explain complex medical situations to patients and their relatives.
objectiveThis systematic and bibliographic review offers an overview of the development of apps in AR with a medical use case from March 2012 to June 2017. This work can aid as a guide to the literature and categorizes the publications in the field of AR research.
methodsFrom March 2012 to June 2017, a total of 1309 publications from PubMed and Scopus databases were manually analyzed and categorized based on a predefined taxonomy. Of the total, 340 duplicates were removed and 631 publications were excluded due to incorrect classification or unavailable technical data. The remaining 338 publications were original research studies on AR. An assessment of the maturity of the projects was conducted on these publications by using the technology readiness level. To provide a comprehensive process of inclusion and exclusion, the authors adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.
resultsThe results showed an increasing trend in the number of publications on AR in medicine. There were no relevant clinical trials on the effect of AR in medicine. Domains that used display technologies seemed to be researched more than other medical fields. The technology readiness level showed that AR technology is following a rough bell curve from levels 4 to 7. Current AR technology is more often applied to treatment scenarios than training scenarios.
conclusionsThis work discusses the applicability and future development of augmented- and mixed-reality technologies such as wearable computers and AR devices. It offers an overview of current technology and a base for researchers interested in developing AR apps in medicine. The field of AR is well researched, and there is a positive trend in its application, but its use is still in the early stages in the field of medicine and it is not widely adopted in clinical practice. Clinical studies proving the effectiveness of applied AR technologies are still lacking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.