ArticleSSM - population health2019
Changes in depressive symptoms over age among older Americans: Differences by gender, race/ethnicity, education, and birth cohort.
Article in SSM - population health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed.
- Validation of the intolerance of uncertainty scale-12 in a sample of pregnant people.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Diverging trends in health at older ages in England, 2004-2024: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The long-term impact of adverse childhood experiences on episodic memory in mid- to late-life among US older adults.Aging & mental health · 2026Article
- Rumination and depressive symptoms among aging Veterans: The moderating role of social support.Journal of military, veteran and family health · 2026Article
- Multivariate associations of motor performance, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and grey matter volume in younger and mid-to-older adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Loneliness and depression: the mediating effect of perceived social strain in older adults with diabetes-a cross-sectional study.Psychology, health & medicine · 2025Article
- Mental Health Trajectories Among US Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer as They Age.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Changes in gender disparities of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China: an age-period-cohort analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Depression and anxiety in health human resources during the first COVID-19 wave in northern Peru: a multicenter study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Estimating the Sex Gap in Depression-Free Life Expectancy Among Widowed Americans Aged 50 and Older: An Application Using the Interpolated Markov Chain Approach.Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in Brazilian older adults: 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Connecting the dots: Network structures of internalizing and functional symptoms in a population-based cohort.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2024Article
- Are depressive symptoms associated with biological aging in a cross-sectional analysis of adults over age 50 in the United States.Psychology and aging · 2024Article
- Assessing trends in internalizing symptoms among racialized and minoritized adolescents: results from the Monitoring the Future Study 2005-2020.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Age exacerbates the negative effect of depression on executive functioning in racial and ethnic minorities.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- Lower motor performance is linked with poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and grey matter volume alterations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Hybrid representation learning for cognitive diagnosis in late-life depression over 5 years with structural MRI.Medical image analysis · 2024Article
- Association between Sociodemographic Factors and Depressive Symptoms among Adult Population in Serbia.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Cohort Differences in Depressive Symptoms and Life Satisfaction in 75- and 80-Year-Olds: A Comparison of Two Cohorts 28 Years Apart.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite concerns about recent trends in the health and functioning of older Americans, little is known about dynamics of depression among recent cohorts of U.S. older adults and how these dynamics differ across sociodemographic groups. This study examined sociodemographic differences in mid- and late-life depressive symptoms over age, as well as changes over time. Using nationally representative data from the Health and Retirement Study (1994-2014), we estimated mixed effects models to generate depressive symptoms over age by gender, race/ethnicity, education, and birth cohort in 33,280 adults ages 51-90 years. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Women compared to men, low compared to high education groups, and racial/ethnic minorities compared to whites exhibited higher depressive symptoms. The largest disparity resulted from education, with those without high school degrees exhibiting over two more predicted depressive symptoms in midlife compared to those with college degrees. Importantly, war babies and baby boomers (born 1942-1959) exhibited slightly higher depressive symptoms with more decreasing symptoms over age than their predecessors (born 1931-1941) at ages 51-65. We additionally observed an age-
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.