ArticleVirus evolution2019
Co-circulation of genetically distinct highly pathogenic avian influenza A clade 2.3.4.4 (H5N6) viruses in wild waterfowl and poultry in Europe and East Asia, 2017-18.
Article in Virus evolution, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Wild birds drive the introduction, maintenance, and spread of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in Spain, 2021-2022.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Pathology and virology of natural high pathogenicity avian influenza A(H5N1) Gs/GD genotype BB virus infection in wild black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus).Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Emerging Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Causes Neurological Disease and Mortality in Scavenging Ducks in Bangladesh.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses: knowns, unknowns, and challenges.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Contributes to the Population Decline of the Peregrine Falcon (Viruses · 2024Article
- HA N193D substitution in the HPAI H5N1 virus alters receptor binding affinity and enhances virulence in mammalian hosts.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Assessment of Survival Kinetics for Emergent Highly Pathogenic Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx Avian Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2024Article
- In Ovo Models to Predict Virulence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5-Viruses for Chickens and Ducks.Viruses · 2024Article
- Genomic epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in wild birds in South Korea during 2021-2022: Changes in viral epidemic patterns.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Effect of 2020-21 and 2021-22 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Epidemics on Wild Birds, the Netherlands.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Diverse infectivity, transmissibility, and pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in Canada.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
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- Investigating the Genetic Diversity of H5 Avian Influenza Viruses in the United Kingdom from 2020-2022.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
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- Phylodynamics and Molecular Mutations of the Hemagglutinin Affecting Global Transmission and Host Adaptation of H5Nx Viruses.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- That H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in different regions gather in the same live-poultry market poses a potential threat to public health.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
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Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses were first introduced into Europe in late 2014 and re-introduced in late 2016, following detections in Asia and Russia. In contrast to the 2014-15 H5N8 wave, there was substantial local virus amplification in wild birds in Europe in 2016-17 and associated wild bird mortality, with evidence for occasional gene exchange with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. Since December 2017, several European countries have again reported events or outbreaks with HPAI H5N6 reassortant viruses in both wild birds and poultry, respectively. Previous phylogenetic studies have shown that the two earliest incursions of HPAI H5N8 viruses originated in Southeast Asia and subsequently spread to Europe. In contrast, this study indicates that recent HPAI H5N6 viruses evolved from the H5N8 2016-17 viruses during 2017 by reassortment of a European HPAI H5N8 virus and wild host reservoir LPAI viruses. The genetic and phenotypic differences between these outbreaks and the continuing detections of HPAI viruses in Europe are a cause of concern for both animal and human health. The current co-circulation of potentially zoonotic HPAI and LPAI virus strains in Asia warrants the determination of drivers responsible for the global spread of Asian lineage viruses and the potential threat they pose to public health.
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