ArticleBiophysical journal2019
Cholesterol-Dependent Bending Energy Is Important in Cholesterol Distribution of the Plasma Membrane.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Complexation of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol with Phospholipids Determine its Transbilayer Distribution?The Journal of membrane biology · 2026Article
- Critique of a Radically New Model for Plasma Membrane Bilayer Organization.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes: Essential Models for Advancing Protein Structure and Function Research.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Elucidating the mechanical properties of asymmetric membranes by direct derivation of their energetics.Faraday discussions · 2025Article
- Article
- Lipid redistribution due to a cell-cell fusion pore.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Membrane free-energy landscapes derived from atomistic dynamics explain nonuniversal cholesterol-induced stiffening.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Lipid redistribution in the highly curved footprint of Piezo1.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Extent of raft composition in a model plasma membrane.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Requirement of Cholesterol for Calcium-Dependent Vesicle Fusion by Strengthening Synaptotagmin-1-Induced Membrane Bending.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Cholesterol's balancing act: Defying the status quo.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Distribution of cholesterol in asymmetric membranes driven by composition and differential stress.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Cholesterol Stiffening of Lipid Membranes.The Journal of membrane biology · 2022Review
- A Theoretical Basis for Nanodomains.The Journal of membrane biology · 2022Review
- Designing a Useful Lipid Raft Model Membrane for Electrochemical and Surface Analytical Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Association Mechanism of Peptide-Coated Metal Nanoparticles with Model Membranes: A Coarse-Grained Study.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2021Article
- Long chain sphingomyelin depletes cholesterol from the cytoplasmic leaflet in asymmetric lipid membranes.RSC advances · 2021Article
- Investigation of the domain line tension in asymmetric vesicles prepared via hemifusion.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2021Article
- In Silico Prediction of the Binding, Folding, Insertion, and Overall Stability of Membrane-Active Peptides.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Role of Lipids in Morphogenesis of T-Cell Microvilli.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We consider the plasma membrane that contains a cholesterol molar fraction of 0.4 and ask how that cholesterol is distributed between the two leaves. Because of the rapid flip-flop of cholesterol between leaves, we assume that its distribution is determined by the equality of its chemical potentials in the two leaves. When we consider only the contributions of entropy and interactions to the cholesterol chemical potential in our model system, we find, not surprisingly, that the cholesterol is mostly in the outer leaf because of the strong attraction between cholesterol and sphingomyelin (SM), which is predominantly in that leaf. We find 72% there. We then include the contribution from the bending energy in each leaf that must be overcome to join the leaves in a flat bilayer. The product of bending modulus and spontaneous curvature is obtained from simulation. We find that the addition of cholesterol to the outer leaf reduces the spontaneous curvature, which is initially positive, until it passes through zero when the molar fraction of cholesterol in the outer leaf is 0.28. Additional cholesterol is driven toward the inner leaf by the sphingomyelin phosphatidylcholine mixture. This is resisted by the bending energy contribution to the inner leaf. We find, again by simulation, that the addition of cholesterol monotonically increases the magnitude of the spontaneous curvature of the inner leaf, which is negative. This increases its bending energy. We conclude that, as a result of these competing effects, the percentage of cholesterol in the outer leaf is reduced to ∼63 ± 6%.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.