Trial reportBMC public health2019
Intimate partner violence, depression, and sexual behaviour among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the PROUD trial.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02065986 (Pre-exposure Option for Reducing HIV in the UK), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pre-exposure Option for Reducing HIV in the UK: an Open-label Randomisation to Immediate or Deferred Daily Truvada for HIV Negative Gay Men.(PROUD)
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on the Mental and Physical Health of Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Comprehensive Review of Quantitative Research.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Intimate partner violence and its relation to sexual health outcomes across different adult populations: a systematic review.Frontiers in sociology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Psychological and Interpersonal Factors Associated with Sexualized Drug Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Understanding experiences of potential harm among MSM (cis and trans) using HIV self-testing in the SELPHI randomised controlled trial in England and Wales: a mixed-methods study.Sexually transmitted infections · 2023Trial
- Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men's Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence in Four Celtic Nations: A Mixed-Method Study.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2026Article
- LGBTQ+ Adult Sexual Violence Critical Scoping Review: Insights into Victimization and Perpetration.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Article
- The impact of stress experienced by sexual minorities on depression among chinese men who have sex with men: an analysis of the mediating effects of social support and intimate partner violence.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Intimate Partner Violence and its Association with Symptoms of Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among HIV-Negative Cisgender Sexual Minority Men in the United States.Sexual and gender diversity in social services · 2026Article
- Article
- Increased Depression and Anxiety Among Men and Transgender Women Receiving Care at a Sexual Health Clinic in New York City During COVID-19.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Understanding Intimate Partner Violence Among Latino Sexual Minority Men: A Qualitative Description Study.Psychology of violence · 2025Article
- Methodology for the Positive Voices 2022 Survey of People With HIV Accessing Care in England, Wales, and Scotland: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Intimate Partner Violence Predicts Alcohol and Substance Use Among Young Sexual and Gender Minorities Assigned Male at Birth: A Longitudinal Analysis of the RADAR Cohort.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus-related risky sexual behaviors between men who have sex with men only and men who have sex with men and women: A cross-sectional study in Eastern China.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Violence Victimization and Depressive Symptoms Among a Sub-Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Adults in a Population-Based South African Study.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2024Article
- Article
- "Sex without fear": exploring the psychosocial impact of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis on gay men in England.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Experience and perpetration of intimate partner violence and abuse by gender of respondent and their current partner before and during COVID-19 restrictions in 2020: a cross-sectional study in 13 countries.BMC public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the UK. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of IPV, associations of socio-economic and psychosocial factors with IPV, and the association of IPV with depression and sexual behaviour, among GBMSM in the PROUD trial of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
methodsPROUD enrolled 544 HIV-negative participants in England from 2012 to 2014; participants were randomised to immediate or deferred PrEP. This analysis included 436 GBMSM who had IPV data at month-12 and/or 24. Prevalence of IPV victimization and perpetration (lifetime, and in the past year) was assessed at these time-points. Generalized estimating equations were used to investigate associations with IPV, using pooled data from both time-points.
resultsAt month-12 (N = 410), 44.9% of men reported ever being a victim of IPV, 15.6% in the last year, and 19.5% reported ever perpetrating IPV, 7.8% in the last year. At month-24 (N = 333), the corresponding prevalence was 40.2 and 14.7% for lifetime and past year IPV victimization and 18.0 and 6.9% for lifetime and past year IPV perpetration. IPV prevalence did not differ by randomised arm. Men reporting internalized homophobia and sexualized drug use were more likely to report IPV. Lifetime and last year experience of IPV victimization and perpetration were strongly associated with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) (adjusted for socio-demographics: lifetime IPV victimization PR 2.57 [95% CI: 1.71, 3.86]; past year IPV victimization PR 2.93 [95% CI: 1.96, 4.40]; lifetime IPV perpetration PR 2.87 [95% CI: 1.91, 4.32]; past year IPV perpetration PR 3.47 [95% CI: 2.13, 5.64], p < 0.001 for all); IPV was not consistently associated with measures of condomless anal sex or high partner numbers.
conclusionsGBMSM at high-risk of HIV who are seeking/taking PrEP may experience a high burden of IPV, which may be linked to depression. Training on awareness of and enquiry for IPV among GBMSM in sexual health clinics is recommended.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02065986 . Registered 19 February 2014 (retrospectively registered).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.