ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2019
The burden of headache disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2016: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2016.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden of Tension-Type Headache Among Older Adults in the Middle East and North Africa Region, 1990-2023.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of migraine in postmenopausal women: a 32-year analysis from the global burden of disease study 1990-2021.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Observational
- Trends in self-reported headache disorder in Spain between 2006 and 2023: the role of sociodemographic factors.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Pharmacists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward CGRP Inhibitors in Migraine Management: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Burdens of Breast Cancer and Projections for 2030 Among Women in Asia: Findings from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for endometriosis in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: Findings from a global burden of disease study.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025Article
- Rising global burden of migraine among adolescents and young adults: a 30-year analysis (1990-2021).Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Headache Characteristics and Risk Factors Among Healthcare Providers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2023Article
- Social Media Listening and Digital Profiling Study of People With Headache and Migraine: Retrospective Infodemiology Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Migraine Headache in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2023Review
- Epidemiological Features of Neurological Disorders in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2023Article
- The Global Campaign turns 18: a brief review of its activities and achievements.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Review
- The relevance of migraine in the clinical spectrum of mitochondrial disorders.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of headache among medical students in Palestine: a cross sectional study.BMC neurology · 2022Article
- Association between sex hormones and migraine in young Saudi females.Saudi medical journal · 2021Article
- Carotid artery stenosis and inflammatory biomarkers: the role of inflammation-induced immunological responses affecting the vascular systems.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Review
- Article
- Quality of life of migraine patients followed in neurology clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family & community medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesUsing the findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), we report the burden of primary headache disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) from 1990 to 2016.
methodsWe modelled headache disorders using DisMod-MR 2.1 Bayesian meta-regression tool to ensure consistency between prevalence, incidence, and remission. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated by multiplying prevalence and disability weight (DW) of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). We assumed primary headache disorders as non-fatal, so their YLD is equal to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
resultsMigraine and TTH were the second and twentieth leading causes of YLDs in EMR. Between 1990 and 2016, the absolute YLD numbers of migraine and TTH increased from 2.3 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.5-3.2) to 4.7 million (95%UI: 3-6.5) and from 383 thousand (95%UI: 240-562) to 816 thousand (95%UI: 516-1221), respectively. During the same period, age-standardised YLD rates of migraine and TTH in EMR increased by 0.7% and 2.5%, respectively, in comparison to a small decrease in the global rates (0.2% decrease in migraine and TTH). The bulk of burden due to headache occurred in the 30-49 year age group, with a peak at ages 35-44 years. The age-standardised YLD rates of both headache disorders were higher in women with female to male ratio of 1.69 for migraine and 1.38 for TTH. All countries of the EMR except for Somalia and Djibouti had higher age-standardised YLD rates for migraine and TTH in compare to the global rates. Libya and Saudi Arabia had the highest increase in age-standardised YLD rates of migraine and TTH, respectively.
conclusionThe findings of this study show that primary headache disorders are a major and a growing cause of disability in EMR. Since 1990, burden of primary headache disorders has constantly been higher in EMR compared to rest of the world, which indicates that health systems in EMR must focus further on developing and implementing preventive and management strategies to control headache.
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