ArticleNutrients2019
Differences in Maternal Immunoglobulins within Mother's Own Breast Milk and Donor Breast Milk and across Digestion in Preterm Infants.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06072976 (The Influence of Feeding Source on the Gut Microbiome and Time to Full Feeds in Neonates With Congenital Gastrointestinal Pathologies), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Influence of Feeding Source on the Gut Microbiome and Time to Full Feeds in Neonates With Congenital Gastrointestinal Pathologies
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of an Exclusive Human Milk Diet on the Gut Microbiome in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Human Milk from Previously COVID-19-Infected Mothers: The Effect of Pasteurization on Specific Antibodies and Neutralization Capacity.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Trial
- A new type of biomarker for heat stress: insights from immunology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unravelling the effect of parity on immunoglobulins, cytokines and adipokines in human transitional milk and their association with infant infections during the first 6 months of life.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Impact of Maternal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on Immunological Components of Breast Milk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Personalized Nutrition with Banked Human Milk for Early Gut Microbiota Development: In Pursuit of the Perfect Match.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Key biologically active components of breast milk and their beneficial effects.Seminars in pediatric surgery · 2023Review
- Breast milk immune composition varies during the transition stage of lactation: characterization of immunotypes in the MAMI cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Donor human milk processing and its impact on infant digestion: A systematic scoping review of in vitro and in vivo studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Survival of Vaccine-Induced Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and SIgA Immunoglobulins across Simulated Human Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Neutralizing Antibodies and Cytokines in Breast Milk After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccination.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- Percent mother's own milk feedings for preterm neonates predicts discharge feeding outcomes.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The effects of probiotic supplementation on the gene expressions of immune cell surface markers and levels of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human milk.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- Impact of pertussis-specific IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies in mother's own breast milk and donor breast milk during preterm infant digestion.Pediatric research · 2021Article
- Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Milk of Gestational Diabetic Mothers.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Active free secretory component and secretory IgA in human milk: do maternal vaccination, allergy, infection, mode of delivery, nutrition and active lifestyle change their concentrations?Pediatric research · 2021Article
- Human Milk Antibodies Against S1 and S2 Subunits from SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E in Mothers with A Confirmed COVID-19 PCR, Viral SYMPTOMS, and Unexposed Mothers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Maternal antibody transfer to the newborn provides essential support for the infant's naïve immune system. Preterm infants normally receive maternal antibodies through mother's own breast milk (MBM) or, when mothers are unable to provide all the milk required, donor breast milk (DBM). DBM is pasteurized and exposed to several freeze-thaw cycles, which could reduce intact antibody concentration and the antibody's resistance to digestion within the infant. Whether concentrations of antibodies in MBM and DBM differ and whether their survival across digestion in preterm infants differs remains unknown. Feed (MBM or DBM), gastric contents (MBM or DBM at 1-h post-ingestion) and stool samples (collected after a mix of MBM and DBM feeding) were collected from 20 preterm (26-36 weeks gestational age) mother-infant pairs at 8-9 and 21-22 days of postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for the concentration of secretory IgA (SIgA), total IgA (SIgA/IgA), total IgM (SIgM/IgM) and IgG. Total IgA, SIgA, total IgM and IgG concentrations were 55.0%, 71.6%, 98.4% and 41.1% higher in MBM than in DBM, and were 49.8%, 32.7%, 73.9% and 39.7% higher in gastric contents when infants were fed with MBM than when infants were fed DBM, respectively. All maternal antibody isotypes present in breast milk were detected in the infant stools, of which IgA (not sIgA) was the most abundant.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.