ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Biomarkers in Pneumonia-Beyond Procalcitonin.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed.
- Can Biomarkers Correctly Predict Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Patients Treated With Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest? An Exploratory Study of the Multicenter Randomized Antibiotic (ANTHARTIC) Study.Critical care explorations · 2024Trial
- Fibrinolysis Resistance After Injury Is a Risk Factor for a Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia-Like Disease Pattern.Surgical infections · 2024Trial
- Hydrogen sulfide in precision medicine: connecting basic science, sensing, and clinical application.Medical gas research · 2026Review
- Association of Serial Lactate-to-Albumin and C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratios with In-Hospital Mortality After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index and risk of mortality among pneumonia patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Dynamic cytokine monitoring enhances CAP severity scores in elderly patients: a prospective pilot study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Biomarkers for pneumonia after major trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the Intensive Care Society · 2026Article
- Interleukin-40 as a biomarker of mortality risk in patients with severe pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic efficacy of monocyte distribution width to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ratio in differentiating pathogen types in community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Commentary: enhancing CAP severity prediction in elderly patients through dynamic cytokine monitoring.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Human beta defensins 3 and 6 serve as diagnostic tools for identifying sepsis and pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Biomarker-concordant Steroid use in Hospitalized Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Cohort Study.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2026Article
- Treatment failure in suspected community-acquired pneumonia revealing a pulmonary abscess.SAGE open medical case reports · 2026Article
- A machine learning model including pentraxin-3 as predictor of outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Observational
- Pathogenic bacteria enriched in the oral microbiota might be associated with recurrent pulmonary infections in elderly individuals.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Role of Inflammatory Markers as a Risk Factor for Community-Acquired Pneumonia Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Antibiotics for Paediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: What is the Optimal Course Duration?Paediatric drugs · 2025Review
- Relationship between scoring systems and inflammatory parameters with mortality in pneumonia: Acute Phase Reactant Index is new index.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- Advances in Interleukin-6 Family Cytokines and the Role in Respiratory Diseases.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Proteome signature for differential diagnosis of patients with bilateral lung infiltrates.ERJ open research · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide and one of the most common lower respiratory tract infections that is contributing significantly to the burden of antibiotic consumption. Due to the complexity of its pathophysiology, it is widely accepted that clinical diagnosis and prognosis are inadequate for the accurate assessment of the severity of the disease. The most challenging task for a physician is the risk stratification of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Herein, early diagnosis is essential in order to reduce hospitalization and mortality. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein remain the most widely used biomarkers, while interleukin 6 has been of particular interest in the literature. However, none of them appear to be ideal, and the search for novel biomarkers that will most sufficiently predict the severity and treatment response in pneumonia has lately intensified. Although our insight has significantly increased over the last years, a translational approach with the application of genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and proteomics is required to better understand the disease. In this review, we discuss this rapidly evolving area and summarize the application of novel biomarkers that appear to be promising for the accurate diagnosis and risk stratification of pneumonia.
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