ArticleThe ocular surface2019
Grading and baseline characteristics of meibomian glands in meibography images and their clinical associations in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) study.
Article in The ocular surface, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study
Effect of a Blink Reminder Program on the Progression of Meibomian Gland Loss in Intensive Digital Screen Users: a Randomized Controlled Trial With Infrared Meibography
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaporative dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction: Preferred practice pattern guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Guideline
- Early Ocular-Surface Changes During Dupilumab Treatment According to Hyaluronic Acid Use: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of Sunflower Lecithin Supplementation on Meibomian Gland Function in Adults With Dry Eye Disease.Cureus · 2025Article
- The relationship between subthreshold anxiety disorder and symptoms and signs of dry eye disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tear film and meibomian gland parameters associated with the effectiveness of intense pulsed light therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of definition of meibomian gland dysfunction on the frequency of MGD in dry eye disease from the DREAM© study.Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association · 2025Article
- Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjögren Disease: Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Advances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Ophthalmic Segmentation and Analysis Software (OASIS): A Comprehensive Tool for Quantitative Evaluation of Meibography Images.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Morphological Characteristics of the Meibomian Glands: Impact of Demographics and Contact Lens Wear.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- A modular and adaptable approach for automated morphological feature extraction in meibography images.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Applied anatomy and morphology of Meibomian glands in the non-human primate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and changes of the lid margin, meibomian gland and tear film in dry eye patients: a cross-sectional study.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The Morphologic Characteristics of Meibomian Glands in Allergic Conjunctivitis-Related Dry Eye in Children.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- A machine learning approach to predicting dry eye-related signs, symptoms and diagnoses from meibography images.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Sleep Disturbances and Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs, Systemic Conditions, and Inflammatory Markers in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study.Cornea open · 2024Article
- Meibography signal intensity as a novel image biomarker for meibomian gland function: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Meibomian Gland Shortening Is Associated With Altered Meibum Composition.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Factors affecting long-term changes of meibomian gland in MGD patients.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Meibography health score: a simple grading system for isotretinoin-induced meibography alterations on patients with acne vulgaris.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2024Article
- Meibomian gland alterations in allergic conjunctivitis: insights from a novel quantitative analysis algorithm.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo describe and evaluate a comprehensive grading system for meibomian gland (MG) digital infrared images developed for the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study.
methodsCross-sectional study. Reading Center (RC) certified readers independently evaluated MG features of both lids from meibography images of dry eye disease subjects. Dropout areas were measured using planimetry software. Inter-reader and grade-regrade agreement and comparison of meiboscale scores (Meiboscale
resultsAmong 551 eyes of 277 patients at baseline, 62 (11%) upper lid and 5 (1%) lower lid images were missing. Lid eversion was poor in 63 (13%) of upper lids compared to 15 (3%) of lower lids. Intraclass correlation for inter-reader and grade-regrade agreement was moderate to substantial for most MG features. MG features were more frequent in the upper lid (p < 0.001), except for dropout glands, gaps, fluffy gland areas and dropout areas. Clinic meiboscale score was associated with RC percent dropout (p < 0.001), a clinic score of 0% having a mean RC score of 19%, and a clinic score of >75% having a mean RC score of 66%. MG plugging was associated with ghost glands (p = 0.009), dropout glands (p < 0.001) and a composite severity score (p = 0.02); turbid and absent secretions were associated with ghost glands (p = 0.046).
conclusionRC readers identified MG features with good reproducibility. Upper lids had more MG features. RC dropout areas correlated well with clinic meiboscale scores. Ghost glands were associated with paste like and absent meibomian secretions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.