ArticleThe CRISPR journal2018
Selective Maintenance of Multiple CRISPR Arrays Across Prokaryotes.
Article in The CRISPR journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- The complexity of multiple CRISPR arrays in strains with (co-occurring) CRISPR systems.microLife · 2026Article
- Phage susceptibility to a minimal, modular synthetic CRISPR-Cas system inPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Ecological drivers of CRISPR immune systems.mSystems · 2024Article
- SpacerPlacer: ancestral reconstruction of CRISPR arrays reveals the evolutionary dynamics of spacer deletions.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Dynamics of CRISPR-mediated virus-host interactions in the human gut microbiome.The ISME journal · 2024Article
- The effect of Quorum sensing inhibitors on the evolution of CRISPR-based phage immunity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The ISME journal · 2021Article
- Pruning and Tending Immune Memories: Spacer Dynamics in the CRISPR Array.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- NCBI's Virus Discovery Codeathon: Building "FIVE" -The Federated Index of Viral Experiments API Index.Viruses · 2020Article
- It is unclear how important CRISPR-Cas systems are for protecting natural populations of bacteria against infections by mobile genetic elements.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Review
- Article
- The size of the immune repertoire of bacteria.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Atypical organizations and epistatic interactions of CRISPRs and cas clusters in genomes and their mobile genetic elements.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- Visualization and prediction of CRISPR incidence in microbial trait-space to identify drivers of antiviral immune strategy.The ISME journal · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prokaryotes are under nearly constant attack by viral pathogens. To protect against this threat of infection, bacteria and archaea have evolved a wide array of defense mechanisms, singly and in combination. While immune diversity in a single organism likely reduces the chance of pathogen evolutionary escape, it remains puzzling why many prokaryotes also have multiple, seemingly redundant, copies of the same type of immune system. Here, we focus on the highly flexible CRISPR adaptive immune system, which is present in multiple copies in a surprising 28% of the prokaryotic genomes in RefSeq. We use a comparative genomics approach looking across all prokaryotes to demonstrate that on average, organisms are under selection to maintain more than one CRISPR array. Given this surprising conclusion, we consider several hypotheses concerning the source of selection and include a theoretical analysis of the possibility that a trade-off between memory span and learning speed could select for both "long-term memory" and "short-term memory" CRISPR arrays.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.