Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31019947›Full record

ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2019

Intermittent hypoxia enhances the tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression in a mouse model of sleep apnea.

Mao-Hong Huang, Xiao-Bin Zhang, Hui-Ling Wang, Liu-Xia Li, Yi-Ming Zeng, Miao Wang, Hui-Qing Zeng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Mechanisms underlying end-organ injury in sleep apnoea.The European respiratory journal · 2026
    Review
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  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2023
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mao-Hong HuangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
Xiao-Bin ZhangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
Hui-Ling WangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
Liu-Xia LiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
Yi-Ming ZengDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
Miao WangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
Hui-Qing ZengDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), intermittent hypoxia (IH) promotes tumor progress. The high expression of programmed death 1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor leads to immune evasion and subsequently aggravates tumor progress. This study aims to determine the tumor PD-L1 expression under the IH condition.

methodsA total of 24 C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the normoxia (control, CTL) group and the IH group. Mice in the IH group were subjected to the IH condition for 5 weeks. Lung cancer cells were injected into the flank of each mouse after 1 week of IH exposure. Tumor PD-L1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlation between tumor weight, tumor volume, and expression of PD-L1 was analyzed.

resultsCompared to the CTL group, mice in the IH group had a high PD-L1 expression. The IH can enhance the tumor PD-L1 expression. Tumor weight, volume, and HIF-1α levels were closely associated with the PD-L1 expression in the IH group, while dissimilar findings were observed in the CTL group.

conclusionsThe IH enhances tumor PD-L1 expression in OSA mimicking mice. Additional studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanism.

Indexed as

Intermittent hypoxia (IH)programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)sleep apneatumor

Identifiers

PMID31019947
PMCPMC6462651

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.