ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2019
Diagnostic and clinical features of lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces.
Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- ESR Essentials: lung cancer screening with low-dose CT-practice recommendations by the European Society of Thoracic Imaging.European radiology · 2026Guideline
- Clinical features and prognostic factor of small (≤2 cm) lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Pulmonary ground-glass opacity associated with cystic airspace: clinicopathological features and aggressiveness.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces in the perioperative immunotherapy era: radiologic and pathologic pitfalls, surgical extent, and management implications.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Incidental pulmonary findings on CT in daily practice: the nodule and the interstitial lung abnormalities - what's old, what's new.La Radiologia medica · 2026Review
- Imaging features of lung cancer with cystic airspaces: clinical utility, challenges, and perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- MSCT Manifestations and Quantitative Dynamic Evolution of Lung Cancer Associated with Cystic Airspaces: A Retrospective Analysis of 102 Cases with Emphasis on Adenocarcinoma.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- Pulmonary cavitary lesions: a captivating visual review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Review
- A deep learning-based computed tomography reading system for the diagnosis of lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- CT imaging in differentiating non-solid lung adenocarcinoma with cycstic airspaces: a clinical and diagnostic study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Resection of organizing pneumonia with leftover adjacent cystic squamous lung carcinoma: A case report and literature review.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical TNM Lung Cancer Staging: A Diagnostic Algorithm with a Pictorial Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces: current progress and future perspectives.Oncology reviews · 2025Review
- Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces: current status and challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Enhancing survival predictions in lung cancer with cystic airspaces: a multimodal approach combining clinical and radiomic features.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces: A contemporary review.Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2024Review
- Lung Cancer Associated with Cystic Airspaces: Current Insights into Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies.Cancers · 2024Review
- A case of adenocarcinoma presenting with cystic lesion and recurrent pneumothoraces.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Article
- Wolf in sheep's clothing: a case of primary lung adenosquamous carcinoma mimicking traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
"Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces" is an uncommon manifestation, in which lung cancer presents on imaging studies with a cystic area with associated consolidation and/or ground glass. With the widespread use of computed tomography (CT), both in clinical practice and for lung cancer screening, these tumors are being more frequently recognized. An association of this entity with smoking has been established with the majority of cases reported being in former and current smokers. The true pathogenesis of the cystic airspace is not yet fully understood. Different causes of this cystic airspace have been described, including a check-valve mechanism obstructing the small airways, lepidic growth of adenocarcinoma on emphysematous lung parenchyma, cyst formation of tumor and tumor growth along the wall of a pre-existing bulla. Adenocarcinoma is the commonest histological type, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Two classification systems have been described, based on morphological features of the lesion, taking into account both the cystic airspace as well as the morphology of the surrounding consolidation or ground glass. The cystic component may mislead radiologists to a benign etiology and the many different faces on imaging can make early diagnosis challenging. Special attention should be made to focal or diffuse wall thickening and consolidation or ground glass abutting or interspersed with cystic airspaces. Despite their atypical morphology, staging and management currently are still similar to that of other lung cancer types. Although the rarity of this entity will hamper larger studies, numerous aspects regarding this particular lung cancer type still need to be unraveled. This manuscript reviews the CT-imaging findings and gives an overview of available data in the English literature on pathogenesis, histopathology and clinical findings. Differential diagnosis and pitfalls are discussed as well as future directions regarding staging and management.
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