Altered enteric expression of the homeobox transcription factor Phox2b in patients with diverticular disease.

Background: Diverticular disease, a major gastrointestinal disorder, is associated with modifications of the enteric nervous system, encompassing alterations of neurochemical coding and of the tyrosine receptor kinase Ret/GDNF pathway. However, molecular factors underlying these changes remain to be determined. Objectives: We aimed to characterise the expression of Phox2b, an essential regulator of Ret and of neuronal subtype development, in the adult human enteric nervous system, and to evaluate its potential involvement in acute diverticulitis. Methods: Site-specific gene expression of Phox2b in the adult colon was analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Colonic specimens of adult controls and patients with diverticulitis were subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction for Phox2b and dual-label immunochemistry for Phox2b and the neuronal markers RET and tyrosine hydroxylase or the glial marker S100β. Results: The results indicate that Phox2b is physiologically expressed in myenteric neuronal and glial subpopulations in the adult enteric nervous system. Messenger RNA expression of Phox2b was increased in patients with diverticulitis and both neuronal, and glial protein expression of Phox2b were altered in these patients. Conclusions: Alterations of Phox2b expression may contribute to the enteric neuropathy observed in diverticular disease. Future studies are required to characterise the functions of Phox2b in the adult enteric nervous system and to determine its potential as a therapeutic target in gastrointestinal disorders.