ArticleFrontiers in immunology2019
Coordinated Induction of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiota-systemic lupus erythematosus axis: mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutic frontiers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicular Proteins in Plasma from Patients with Cutaneous Lupus Correlate with Disease Activity.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- The Complex Role of Gut Microbiota in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis: From Pathogenetic Factor to Therapeutic Target.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated immune response in systemic lupus erythematosus: impact of disease and treatment.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Association of Endotoxemia with Low-Grade Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome and Distinct Response to Lipopolysaccharide in Type 1 Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction in lupus triggers a differential humoral response against gut commensals.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Biomolecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases and Their Relationship with the Resident Microbiota: Friend or Foe?Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2022Review
- Cf-02, a novel benzamide-linked small molecule, blunts NF-κB activation and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and improves acute onset of accelerated and severe lupus nephritis in mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Effect of gluten-free diet on levels of soluble CD14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in adult patients with celiac disease.Central-European journal of immunology · 2021Article
- Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Confirmation and Identification of Biomarkers Implicating Environmental Triggers in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Psychological Stress, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunctions, and Autoimmune Disorders: An Overview.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- The Dynamic Interplay between the Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases.Journal of immunology research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated autoantibody production and complement activation leading to multi-organ damage. The disease is associated with increased intestinal permeability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SLE subjects have increased systemic exposure to bacteria. Since bacteria induce the expression of antimicrobial response factors (ARFs), we measured the levels of a series of clinically relevant ARFs in the plasma of SLE subjects. We found that levels of sCD14, lysozyme, and CXCL16 were significantly elevated in SLE subjects. A strong positive correlation was also observed between sCD14 and SELENA-SLEDAI score. Interestingly, the ratio of EndoCAb IgM:total IgM was significantly decreased in SLE and this ratio was negatively correlated with sCD14 levels. Although, there were no significant differences in the levels of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), we observed significant positive correlations between lysozyme levels and sCD14, LBP, and FABP2. Moreover, galectin-3 levels also positively correlate with lysozyme, sCD14, and LBP. Since our SLE cohort comprised 43.33% males, we were able to identify gender-specific changes in the levels of ARFs. Overall, these changes in the levels and relationships between ARFs link microbial exposure and SLE. Approaches to reduce microbial exposure or to improve barrier function may provide therapeutic strategies for SLE patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.