ArticleScientific reports2019
Temporal-order information can be maintained in non-conscious working memory.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Replicating the unconscious working memory effect: a multisite Registered Report.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Nonconscious information can be identified as task-relevant but not prioritized in working memory.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- The subconscious impact of line orientations in background images on memory of Chinese written characters.PloS one · 2022Article
- Neuroscience of Object Relations in Health and Disorder: A Proposal for an Integrative Model.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Probing the limits of activity-silent non-conscious working memory.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Classical theories hold conscious perception and working memory to be tightly interwoven. Recent work has challenged this assumption, demonstrating that information may be stored for several seconds without any subjective awareness. Does such non-conscious working memory possess the same functional properties as conscious working memory? Here, we probe whether non-conscious working memory can maintain multiple items and their temporal order. In a visual masking task with a delayed response, 38 participants were asked to retain the location and order of presentation of two sequentially flashed spatial positions, and retrieve both after a 2.5 second delay. Even when subjective visibility was nil, subjects' objective forced-choice performance exceeded chance level and, crucially, distinct retrieval of the first and second location was observed on both conscious and non-conscious trials. Non-conscious working memory may therefore store two items in proper temporal order. These findings can be explained by recent models of activity-silent working memory.
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