ReviewMarine drugs2019
Astaxanthin as a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Modulator: Its Therapeutic Implications.
Review in Marine drugs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Astaxanthin-metformin conjugate nanomicelles-loaded hydrogel reprograms macrophage metabolismBioactive materials · 2026Article
- Current Trends, Future Prospects and Constraints of Whole Microalgae and Their Fractions as a Functional Feed Ingredient for Animals.Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition · 2026Review
- Astaxanthin alleviates altered hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in animals fed a high-sucrose diet.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Targeting ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy for hepatotoxicity.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals in Mental Health and Brain Function: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the Potential of Carotenoids in Obesity Management: A Comprehensive Overview.Recent advances in food, nutrition & agriculture · 2025Review
- Oleanolic acid attenuates obesity through modulating the lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Cerebrovascular Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of BACE1.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Review
- Reactive Oxygen Species andAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant, lowers cholesterol and markers of cardiovascular risk in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023Article
- The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- PPARɣ2, aldose reductase, and TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms: relation to diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Article
- Effect of Feeding 0.8% Dried PowderedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Review
- Astaxanthin attenuates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed rats by suppressing microRNA-21 via transactivation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2022Article
- Astaxanthin as a Novel Mitochondrial Regulator: A New Aspect of Carotenoids, beyond Antioxidants.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Potential of natural astaxanthin in alleviating the risk of cytokine storm in COVID-19.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2020Review
- Article
- Effect of Astaxanthin on the Expression and Activity of Aquaporin-3 in Skin in an In-Vitro Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Carotenoids in Cancer Apoptosis-The RoadCancers · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are part of the nuclear hormone receptors superfamily that plays a pivotal role in functions such as glucose and lipid homeostasis. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a lipid-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid synthesized by many microorganisms and various types of marine life that is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anticancer activities. As such, it is a promising nutraceutical resource. ASX-mediated modulation of PPARs and its therapeutic implications in various pathophysiological conditions are described in this review. ASX primarily enhances the action of PPARα and suppresses that of PPARβ/δ and PPARγ, but it has also been confirmed that ASX displays the opposite effects on PPARs, depending on the cell context. Anti-inflammatory effects of ASX are mediated by PPARγ activation, which induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and gastric epithelial cells. The PPARγ-agonistic effect of ASX treatment results in the inhibition of cellular growth and apoptosis in tumor cells. Simultaneous and differential regulation of PPARα and PPARγ activity by ASX has demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect, maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis and preventing related hepatic problems. Considering additional therapeutic benefits of ASX such as anti-gastric, cardioprotective, immuno-modulatory, neuroprotective, retinoprotective, and osteogenic effects, more studies on the association between ASX-mediated PPAR regulation and its therapeutic outcomes in various pathophysiological conditions are needed to further elucidate the role of ASX as a novel nutraceutical PPAR modulator.
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