ArticlePloS one2019
Infant crying and the calming response: Parental versus mechanical soothing using swaddling, sound, and movement.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04534335 (The SSSH's), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The SSSH's: SNOO Smart Sleeper Use in Post-Operative Infants With Congenital Heart
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Baby Calming Training Provided to Primiparous Mothers on Maternal Role Perception, Maternal Attachment, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2024Trial
- Trial
- The Transition to Adulthood in Children of Depressed Parents: Long-Term Follow-Up Data from the Family Talk Preventive Intervention Project.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Effects of Gahvora Cradling on Learning, Motor Behavior, and Expression of Affect in 3-Month-Olds in Tajikistan.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Effect of Automatic Infant Swing on Sleep-Wake Cycles and Comfort: A Randomized Controlled Study Protocol.Nursing in critical care · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Infant Sleep Monitoring Using a Sensor-Enabled Responsive Bassinet: A Population-Scale Feasibility Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pilot Implementation of the NeuroSense PremmieEd Parenting Educational Programme for Parents with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Sequential Cohort Design.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators perceived by professionals while implementing Soothing and Sleeping in Dutch Healthcare: a mixed-methods study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Rough is salient: a conserved vocal niche to hijack the brain's salience system.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- The five "S's" and the "SNOO" Smart Sleeper-non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) to promote sleep and reduce crying of infants: a scoping review.Translational pediatrics · 2023Article
- Universality, domain-specificity, and development of psychological responses to music.Nature reviews psychology · 2023Article
- The need of having a plan in excessive infant crying - A qualitative study of parents' experiences of healthcare support.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2023Article
- Preventing postpartum insomnia by targeting maternal versus infant sleep: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial (the Study for Mother-Infant Sleep "SMILE").Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2022Article
- Soothing Effect of an Edible Teether: A Pilot Study in Children during Primary Dentition Age.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrequent infant crying is associated with parental exhaustion, depression, or even infant hospitalization and shaken baby syndrome. Effective prompt soothing methods are lacking for infants under 6 months. We examined whether swaddling, sound, and movement evoked an immediate calming response (CR) when parents soothed their infants and using a smart crib, and whether infant age affected the CR.
methodsInfants' CR was assessed in a community sample of 69 infants (0-6 months) in a counterbalanced experiment with two conditions (parent, smart crib) each composed of three two-minute phases (baseline, supine, soothing). During baseline 1, parent and infant were sitting together; in supine 1, fussiness was elicited by putting the infant suddenly supine, followed by parental soothing (shushing and jiggling of the swaddled infant). Baseline 2, supine 2, and soothing by the crib followed. Fussiness was observed and infant heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded. The CR was operationalized as decreased fussiness and HR, and increased HRV during soothing compared to lying supine.
resultsInfant fussiness and HR were lower in both soothing phases compared to the supine phases. Infant HRV tended to be higher during parental soothing than during supine, but did not significantly differ between mechanical soothing and supine. Younger infants responded with a stronger CR (decreased fussiness and increased HRV) to parental soothing, but not to mechanical soothing. For HR, infants' CR was stronger in the crib than in the parent condition, whereas for HRV, infants' CR was stronger in the parent condition. For fussiness, infants' CR tended to be stronger in the parent condition.
conclusionParental and mechanical soothing using swaddling, sound, and movement promptly induced a CR in infants. This has important clinical implications for soothing fussy and crying infants. Future studies should investigate the effects of parental versus mechanical soothing in the home setting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.