ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2019
Endotoxin and
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viable, Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria Recovered from E-Liquids Used with Commercial Electronic Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Vaping habits and respiratory symptoms using a smartphone app platform.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Vuse Solo e-cigarettes do not provide net benefits to public health: a scientific analysis of FDA's marketing authorisation.Tobacco control · 2024Review
- Prevalence and antibiotic resistance ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Vaping and Lung Inflammation and Injury.Annual review of physiology · 2022Review
- Intentions and Attempts to Quit JUUL E-Cigarette Use: The Role of Perceived Harm and Addiction.Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
- Electronic cigarette smoke reduces ribosomal protein gene expression to impair protein synthesis in primary human airway epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Electronic Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury in a Previously Healthy Young Male.Cureus · 2021Article
- A 22-year-old man with fevers, chills, and a non-productive cough.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2021Article
- In vitro and in vivo cardiac toxicity of flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2021Article
- Unfriendly Fire: How the Tobacco Industry is Destroying the Future of Our Children.Acta medica Lituanic · 2021Review
- Open Characterization of Vaping Liquids in Canada: Chemical Profiles and Trends.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
- An update on controversies in e-cigarettes.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2020Review
- E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) features and recognition in the emergency department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2020Review
- Vaping and e-cigarette use. Mysterious lung manifestations and an epidemic.Current opinion in immunology · 2020Review
- Review of Health Consequences of Electronic Cigarettes and the Outbreak of Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2020Review
- Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: a consequence of vaping.ERJ open research · 2020Article
- Microbial Toxins in Nicotine Vaping Liquids.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2020Article
- Three Patients With Acute Pulmonary Damage Following the Use of E-Cigarettes-A Case Series.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoke contains microbes and microbial toxins, such as endotoxin and
objectivesWe aimed to determine whether popular cartridge and e-liquid EC products were contaminated with endotoxin or glucan and to examine differences according to the type and flavor of products.
methodsWe selected 37 cartridges and 38 e-liquid products with the highest nicotine content from the ten top-selling U.S. brands. Flavors were classified into four groups: tobacco, menthol, fruit, and other. Endotoxin and glucan were measured using an endotoxin-specific kinetic turbidimetric assay and a Glucatell® Kinetic Assay (Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.), respectively.
resultsEndotoxin concentrations were over the limit of detection (LOD) in 17 of 75 products tested (23%), and glucan concentrations were greater than LOD in 61 of 75 products (81%). After adjusting for brand and flavor, the mean glucan concentration was 3.2 times higher [95% confidence interval (CI):
conclusionsEC products may be contaminated with microbial toxins. Further studies with large representative samples of products are needed to confirm our findings, identify sources and routes of contamination, and evaluate health effects associated with the use of contaminated products. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3469.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.