ArticleJournal of molecular histology2019
Oligoprotective effect of metformin through the AMPK-dependent on restoration of mitochondrial hemostasis in the cuprizone-induced multiple sclerosis model.
Article in Journal of molecular histology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current status of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of metformin use on the outcomes of relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis patients receiving interferon beta 1a: an exploratory prospective phase II open-label randomized controlled trial.Journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- 2'-deoxyinosine ameliorates multiple sclerosis through modulating Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell balance with potential involvement of AMPK phosphorylation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Intranasal adipose-derived stem cells mitigate cuprizone-induced demyelination in mouse corpus callosum by modulating oligodendrocyte and microglial marker expression: histological and ultrastructural insights.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Betaine alleviates deficits in motor behavior, neurotoxic effects, and neuroinflammatory responses in a rat model of demyelination.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- The Possible Role of Metformin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 in Multiple Sclerosis Neuropathology: Birds of a Feather Flock Together.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Berberine-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles alleviate cuprizone-induced astrocytic reactivity in a rat model of multiple sclerosis.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effects of rutin against cuprizone-induced multiple sclerosis in mice.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Review
- A metformin add-on clinical study in multiple sclerosis to evaluate brain remyelination and neurodegeneration (MACSiMiSE-BRAIN): study protocol for a multi-center randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Age-dependent effects of metformin on human oligodendrocyte lineage cell ensheathment capacity.Brain communications · 2024Article
- The Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Attenuated Depressive and Anxiety-like Behaviors and Oxidative Stress in the Brain in a Rodent Model of Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Male Rats.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- The Roles of Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Central Nervous System Demyelination and Remyelination.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Metformin: A Review of Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Utility Beyond Diabetes.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Review
- Nebivolol elicits a neuroprotective effect in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis in mice: emphasis on M1/M2 polarization and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Article
- Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis: role of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Article
- The mechanistic target of rapamycin as a regulator of metabolic function in oligodendroglia during remyelination.Current opinion in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Metformin Therapy Attenuates Pro-inflammatory Microglia by Inhibiting NF-κB in Cuprizone Demyelinating Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination by Targeting Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Repurposing metformin to treat age-related neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic stroke.Life sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-07-09Concerns/Issues about Image · Duplication of/in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Unreliable Data ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Oxidative stress with mitochondrial defects has a central role in the development and deterioration of Multiple sclerosis (MS). According to new findings of the effects of metformin on mitochondrial function, has attracted a lot of attention. Furthermore, it is suggested that metformin exerts its beneficial influence through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. In the current study, we investigated the possible protective effects of metformin on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by activating the AMPK pathway in the cuprizone-induced demyelination. Mice were fed with cuprizone for 6 weeks. Animals simultaneously received metformin. After sacrificing animals, myelinations, and gliosis, changes in transcription factor and biochemical analysis were assessed. Transmission electron microscopy and luxol fast blue staining revealed that the myelinated axons within corpus callosum of cuprizone-induced demyelination animals increased after administration of metformin. Metformin also upregulated the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes. Furthermore, the biochemical analysis demonstrated that metformin ameliorated the oxidative stress induced by cuprizone. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that astrogliosis and microgliosis were decreased after metformin administration while it enhanced the number of oligodendrocytes. Our data implicated that metformin exerts its therapeutic effects on MS by AMPK signaling improved mitochondrial homeostasis and protected oligodendrocytes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.