ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2019
The composition of T cell infiltrates varies in primary invasive breast cancer of different molecular subtypes as well as according to tumor size and nodal status.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thematic trends and knowledge-map of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: a scientometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Blood Cell-Camouflaged Liquid Metal Nanoconjugates Orchestrate Treg Depletion and STING-Amplified Photothermal Immunity for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Explainable machine learning-guided integrated multiomics analysis reveals macrophage-driven immune suppression in breast cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- mRNA therapeutics: Transforming medicine through innovation in design, delivery, and disease treatment.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Single-cell analysis reveals tumour size as a key driver of immune cell profile alterations in primary breast tumours and corresponding lymph nodes.BJC reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Breast Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment: The Crucial Role of Immune Cells.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Neutrophils and Their Location in Canine Mammary Neoplasms with a Solid Arrangement: A Prognostic Factor?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Low expression of TOX predicts poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer in the real world: A retrospective study.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Early-Stage Luminal B-like Breast Cancer Exhibits a More Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment than Luminal A-like Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Article
- Regulation of Stromal Cells by Sex Steroid Hormones in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment.Cancers · 2024Review
- The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Progression.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2024Review
- The breast cancer tumor microenvironment and precision medicine: immunogenicity and conditions favoring response to immunotherapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2024Review
- The effect of exercise and disease status on mobilization of anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic immune cells in women with breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and immune composition in breast cancer patients from Kenya: Spatial distributions and associations with risk factors and tumour characteristics.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- High baseline tumor burden-associated macrophages promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment and reduce the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors through the IGFBP2-STAT3-PD-L1 pathway.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2023Article
- The current advances of lncRNAs in breast cancer immunobiology research.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Contrast subgraphs allow comparing homogeneous and heterogeneous networks derived from omics data.GigaScience · 2022Article
- Breast cancers co-opt normal mechanisms of tolerance to promote immune evasion and metastasis.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T lymphocytes are the most numerous immune cells in tumor-associated infiltrates and include several subpopulations of either anticancer or pro-tumorigenic functions. However, the associations between levels of different T cell subsets and breast cancer molecular subtypes as well as other prognostic factors have not been fully established yet. We performed immunohistochemistry for CD8 (cytotoxic T cells (CTL)), FOXP3 (regulatory T cells (Tregs)), and GATA3 (Th2 cells) in 106 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded invasive breast cancer tissue samples and analyzed both the numbers and percentages of investigated cells in tumor-associated infiltrates. We observed that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2+ non-luminal breast tumors were associated with more numerous CTLs and Tregs and a higher Treg/Th2 cell ratio as compared with luminal A subtype. A higher Treg percentage was related to a decreased hormone receptor expression, an increase in the Ki67 level, a greater tumor size of luminal tumors, and the presence of lymph node metastases. Moreover, differences in the composition of T cell infiltrates were associated with HER2 status and histologic grade and type, and a distinct immune pattern was observed in tumors of different phenotypes regarding pT stage and nodal status. The results of our work show the diversity of T cell infiltrates in primary invasive breast cancers of different phenotypes and suggest that progression of luminal or non-luminal tumors is related to distinct tumor-associated T cell composition.
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