ArticleBioMed research international2019
The Prevalence and Health Impacts of Frequent Work Discrimination and Harassment among Women Firefighters in the US Fire Service.
Article in BioMed research international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overview of the prevalence of job satisfaction and turnover intention among emergency medical services personnel: a meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Health outcomes of psychosocial stress within firefighters: A systematic review of the research landscape.Journal of occupational health · 2021Pooled it
- "Left Out at the Kitchen Table": Exploring Peer Support Needs Among Women Firefighters.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- Mental well-being among Syrian refugee workers in Lebanon: a multidimensional approach.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among male and female mining workers in Chile: a sex-stratified analysis and the mediating role of psychological distress.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Procedural justice, managerial leadership and gender-based harassment in the workplace: longitudinal cross-lagged associations in a Swedish cohort.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The value of occupational health and safety data: Perceptions of current data practices in the fire service.Journal of safety research · 2025Article
- The Fire Fighter Cancer Cohort Study: Protocol for a Longitudinal Occupational Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Article
- Examination of Stress Among Recruit and Incumbent Women Firefighters.Safety and health at work · 2024Article
- Review
- Caring for the Caregiver: Work mistreatment and well-being among Early Childhood Education staff in Colorado.Early childhood education journal · 2024Article
- Reported harassment and mental ill-health in a Canadian prospective cohort of women and men in welding and electrical trades.Annals of work exposures and health · 2024Article
- Testing the effectiveness of interactive training on sexual harassment and assault in field science.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence and determinants of discrimination or harassment of women: Analysis of cross-sectional data from Bangladesh.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effects of chronic workplace harassment on mental health and alcohol misuse: a long-term follow-up.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Cancer in female firefighters: The clinicobiological, psychological, and social perspectives.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Norms about Alcohol Use among US Firefighters.Safety and health at work · 2022Article
- Organizational Factors and Their Impact on Mental Health in Public Safety Organizations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Risk factors for workplace sexual harassment and violence among a national cohort of women in Iceland: a cross-sectional study.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introBoth discrimination and harassment directly impact mental and physical health. Further, workplace discrimination degrades workplace culture and negatively impacts health behaviors, job-related outcomes, and family dynamics. Women represent a small proportion of the fire service and are often the targets of discrimination/harassment, yet little research documents the impact of such experiences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between chronic work discrimination and/or harassment and women firefighters' (FFs) physical and mental health, substance abuse, and job efficacy, stress, and satisfaction.
methodsSnowball sampling was used to solicit participation from women career FFs. Participants completed an online survey regarding physical and mental health, health behavior, job efficacy/stress/satisfaction, and family well-being. Logistic regression examined the impact of work discrimination-harassment severity on dichotomous variables.
results1,773 had complete data on their experiences with work-related discrimination and harassment. Women reported experiencing verbal (37.5%) and written (12.9%) harassment, hazing (16.9%), sexual advances (37.4%), and assaults (5.1%) in the fire service. FFs in the highest tertile of work discrimination-harassment severity reported over 40% more poor health days in the last 30 days (OR=1.42; 95%CI=1.33-1.51; p<0.001). Women who experienced moderate and severe discrimination/harassment had negative mental health outcomes including higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Those who experienced high rates of discrimination and/or harassment also were more likely to report issues with alcohol consumption.
conclusionThe impact of discrimination and harassment, related negative physical and mental outcomes, low levels of job satisfaction, and negative impact of these experiences on family/home stress likely take a significant toll on women in the fire service. Findings confirm and extend previous work suggesting there is a need to improve the mental and physical health of women FFs. Future work should examine the prospective relationship between discrimination/harassment and poor health outcomes and potential policies/practices to reduce these negative behaviors.
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Registered trials
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