Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31015916›Full record

ArticleChemical science2019

Synthesis and characterisation of rylene diimide dimers using molecular handcuffs.

Lixu Yang, Philipp Langer, E Stephen Davies, Matteo Baldoni, Katherine Wickham, Nicholas A Besley, Elena Besley, Neil R Champness

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Chemical science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Rationalising Exciton Interactions in Aggregates Based on the Transition Density.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Quantitative Supramolecular Heterodimerization for Efficient Energy Transfer.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2020
    Article
  8. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Multiple threading of a triple-calix[6]arene host.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lixu YangSchool of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK . Email: Neil.Champness@nottingham.ac.uk.
Philipp LangerSchool of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK . Email: Neil.Champness@nottingham.ac.uk.
E Stephen DaviesSchool of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK . Email: Neil.Champness@nottingham.ac.uk.
Matteo BaldoniSchool of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK . Email: Neil.Champness@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-2958-1091
Katherine WickhamSchool of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK . Email: Neil.Champness@nottingham.ac.uk.
Nicholas A BesleySchool of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK . Email: Neil.Champness@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-1011-6675
Elena BesleySchool of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK . Email: Neil.Champness@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-9910-7603
Neil R ChampnessSchool of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK . Email: Neil.Champness@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-2970-1487

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A strategy for positioning, and loosely connecting, molecules in close proximity using mechanically interlocked handcuffs is described. The strategy is demonstrated using rylene diimides, creating dimeric structures in which two components are linked through pillar[5]arene/imidazolium rotaxanes. Investigation of the resulting molecules demonstrates intriguing and new properties that arise from placing these redox active dye molecules together, allowing interactions, whilst allowing the molecules to separate as required. In particular we observe excimer emission from a perylene diimide dimer handcuff and the formation of an unusual radical anion π-dimer upon double reduction of the same molecule. The latter exhibits a unique visible absorption profile for a PDI-based molecule. We demonstrate the flexibility of our approach by making an unprecedented mixed perylene diimide/naphthalene diimide dimer which also reveals interactions between the two components. Our synthetic strategy facilitates the creation of unusual dimeric structures and allows the investigation of intermolecular interactions and the effects they have on electronic and magnetic properties.

Identifiers

PMID31015916
PMCPMC6457202

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.