ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2019
Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 363 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
363 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 599 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can resistance training alone or resistance training combined with aerobic training improve arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and other vascular function indicators in adults with hypertension or overweight/obesity-related vascular risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of dietary interventions on kidney function in adults with obesity without chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Licorice Functional Components Intakes on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and NETWORK Toxicology.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Semaglutide in patients with overweight or obesity and chronic kidney disease without diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Abdominal obesity is associated with increased worsening renal function risk in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Trial
- Long-term kidney outcomes of semaglutide in obesity and cardiovascular disease in the SELECT trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Dapagliflozin added to metformin reduces perirenal fat layer in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- γ-Glutamylcysteine alleviates hypertension and vascular remodeling in SHR by suppressing oxidative stress through Keap1 S-glutathionylation.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Article
- Association of immune-inflammatory markers with chronic kidney disease in older adults with obesity: a large-scale cross-sectional study.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Study design, rationale, and baseline characteristics of ATTAIN-HYPERTENSION, a phase 3 trial of the oral GLP-1 receptor agonist orforglipron for hypertension.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2026.Obesity pillars · 2026Review
- Visceral fat score predicts diabetic kidney disease: analysis of 20 years of U.S. NHANES data.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Systematic Review of Persistent Microscopic Hematuria and Kidney Outcomes in IgAN.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- The onset of hypertension in metabolic syndrome is independent of renal sympathetic innervation.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- The Role of Bariatric Surgery in Kidney Disease: Evidence, Controversies, and Future Needs.Obesity surgery · 2026Review
- Visceral Adiposity and Renal Health: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Diet-induced obesity impairs salt-dependent downregulation of NCC activity.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Parental Obesity and Offspring Risk for Cardiorenal Diseases.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Perirenal Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Obesity-Related Kidney Disease: From Adipose Depot Biology to the Chymase-Aldosterone and Ghrelin-Leptin Axes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
303 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Excessive adiposity raises blood pressure and accounts for 65-75% of primary hypertension, which is a major driver of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. In obesity, abnormal kidney function and associated increases in tubular sodium reabsorption initiate hypertension, which is often mild before the development of target organ injury. Factors that contribute to increased sodium reabsorption in obesity include kidney compression by visceral, perirenal and renal sinus fat; increased renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA); increased levels of anti-natriuretic hormones, such as angiotensin II and aldosterone; and adipokines, particularly leptin. The renal and neurohormonal pathways of obesity and hypertension are intertwined. For example, leptin increases RSNA by stimulating the central nervous system proopiomelanocortin-melanocortin 4 receptor pathway, and kidney compression and RSNA contribute to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation. Glucocorticoids and/or oxidative stress may also contribute to mineralocorticoid receptor activation in obesity. Prolonged obesity and progressive renal injury often lead to the development of treatment-resistant hypertension. Patient management therefore often requires multiple antihypertensive drugs and concurrent treatment of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, diabetes and inflammation. If more effective strategies for the prevention and control of obesity are not developed, cardiorenal, metabolic and other obesity-associated diseases could overwhelm health-care systems in the future.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.