ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2019
Prevalence and correlates of selling illicit cannabis among people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada: A ten-year prospective cohort study.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- International Perspectives on the Implications of Cannabis Legalization: A Systematic Review & Thematic Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Cannabis use and illicit opioid cessation among people who use drugs living with chronic pain.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Latent classes of substance use and delinquency in a Swedish national sample of adolescents and associated risk factors.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Heavy Alcohol use among People Living with HIV who use Unregulated Drugs in Vancouver, Canada.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- An answered call for aid? Cannabinoid clinical framework for the opioid epidemic.Harm reduction journal · 2023Review
- Frequent Cannabis Use Is Negatively Associated with Frequency of Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in a Canadian Setting.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Article
- Examining the gender composition of drug injecting initiation events: A mixed methods investigation of three North American contexts.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- The emergence of innovative cannabis distribution projects in the downtown eastside of Vancouver, Canada.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- "Something that actually works": Cannabis use among young people in the context of street entrenchment.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe illicit selling and use of cannabis is prevalent among marginalized people who use illicit drugs (PWUD). Given that participation in illicit drug markets has been previously associated with a range of health and social harms, we sought to examine the predictors of selling cannabis among PWUD in Vancouver, Canada, a setting with a de facto legalized cannabis market, on the eve of the planned implementation of legalized non-medical cannabis including measures to regulate the existing illicit market.
methodsMultivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression was used to analyze longitudinal factors associated with selling illicit cannabis among three prospective cohorts of PWUD between September 2005 and May 2015.
resultsAmong the 3258 participants included in this study, 328 (10.1%) reported selling illicit cannabis at baseline, and 46 (5.1%) initiated cannabis selling over the study period. In the multivariable analysis of the whole sample, factors significantly associated with selling cannabis included cannabis use (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 4.05), dealing other drugs (AOR = 3.87), being male (AOR = 1.83), experiencing violence (AOR = 1.40), non-medical prescription opioid use (AOR = 1.32), non-custodial involvement in the criminal justice system (AOR = 1.31), being stopped by police (AOR = 1.30), crack use (AOR = 1.25), homelessness (AOR = 1.23), age (AOR = 0.96 per year) and participation in sex work (AOR = 0.67) (all p < 0.05). The subanalyses indicated that dealing drugs other than cannabis, cannabis use, and non-custodial involvement in the criminal justice system were the only factors significantly associated with selling cannabis in all four subgroups.
conclusionThese findings support existing evidence indicating that selling illicit cannabis is often a survival-driven strategy to support the basic needs and substance use of some PWUD. Our findings suggest jurisdictions with planned or impending cannabis legalization and regulation should consider the vulnerability of PWUD when seeking to eradicate illicit cannabis markets, for example, in setting criminal penalties for selling cannabis outside of regulatory frameworks.
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