ArticleMalaria journal2019
Plasmodium knowlesi and other malaria parasites in long-tailed macaques from the Philippines.
Article in Malaria journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding zoonotic pathogens and risk factors from wildlife in Southeast Asia: a systematic literature review.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Zoonotic pathogens in wild Asian primates: a systematic review highlighting research gaps.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of simian malaria among macaques in Malaysia (2000-2021): A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Preliminary review on the prevalence, proportion, geographical distribution, and characteristics of naturally acquired Plasmodium cynomolgi infection in mosquitoes, macaques, and humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of severe Plasmodium knowlesi infection and risk factors related to severe complications compared with non-severe P. knowlesi and severe P. falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2020Pooled it
- Plasmodium knowlesi gametocyte carriage and load among malaria patients at Kapit Hospital in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Plasmodium knowlesi and global changes: socio-ecological drivers and challenges.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Plasmodium cynomolgi: potential emergence of new zoonotic malaria in Southeast Asia.Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Diversity and Zoonotic Potential of Plasmodium inui: a Comprehensive Review of Insights from Indonesia and Southeast Asia.Acta parasitologica · 2025Review
- Molecular Prevalence and Identification of ZoonoticVeterinary medicine international · 2025Article
- Review
- Molecular detection and identification ofVeterinary world · 2024Article
- Updating estimates of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria risk in response to changing land use patterns across Southeast Asia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Review
- Plasmodium knowlesi Infection in Traveler Returning to Canada from the Philippines, 2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Plasmodium cynomolgi in humans: current knowledge and future directions of an emerging zoonotic malaria parasite.Infection · 2023Review
- Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina infected with zoonotic malaria parasites are widely distributed in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Why Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are so different? A tale of two clades and their species diversities.Malaria journal · 2022Review
- Plasmodium knowlesi: the game changer for malaria eradication.Malaria journal · 2022Review
- The seasonal dynamics and biting behavior of potential Anopheles vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi in Palawan, Philippines.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMacaca fascicularis (long-tailed macaque) is the most widespread species of macaque in Southeast Asia and the only species of monkey found naturally in the Philippines. The species is the natural host for the zoonotic malaria species, Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi and for the potentially zoonotic species, Plasmodium inui. Moreover, other Plasmodium species such as Plasmodium coatneyi and Plasmodium fieldi are also natural parasites of M. fascicularis. The aims of this study were to identify and determine the prevalence of Plasmodium species infecting wild and captive long-tailed macaques from the Philippines.
methodsA total of 95 blood samples from long-tailed macaques in the Philippines were collected from three locations; 30 were from captive macaques at the National Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center (NWRRC) in Luzon, 25 were from captive macaques at the Palawan Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center (PWRCC) in Palawan and 40 were from wild macaques from Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park (PPSRNP) in Palawan. The Plasmodium spp. infecting the macaques were identified using nested PCR assays on DNA extracted from these blood samples.
resultsAll 40 of the wild macaques from PPSRNP in Palawan and 5 of 25 captive macaques from PWRCC in Palawan were Plasmodium-positive; while none of the 30 captive macaques from the NWRRC in Luzon had any malaria parasites. Overall, P. inui was the most prevalent malaria parasite (44.2%), followed by P. fieldi (41.1%), P. cynomolgi (23.2%), P. coatneyi (21.1%), and P. knowlesi (19%). Mixed species infections were also observed in 39 of the 45 Plasmodium-positive macaques. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of P. knowlesi among the troops of wild macaques from PPSRNP.
conclusionWild long-tailed macaques from the island of Palawan, the Philippines are infected with P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. coatneyi, P. fieldi and P. cynomolgi. The prevalence of these Plasmodium spp. varied among the sites of collection and among troops of wild macaques at one site. The presence of these simian Plasmodium parasites, especially P. knowlesi and P. cynomolgi in the long-tailed macaques in Palawan presents risks for zoonotic transmission in the area.
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