ArticleBMC public health2019
Estimation of cumulative number of post-treatment Lyme disease cases in the US, 2016 and 2020.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis and treatment of "chronic Lyme": primum non nocere.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Antiphospholipid antibodies in acute and post-treatment Lyme disease.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- Development of a fluorescent reporter strain to facilitate studies ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Designing studies for post-treatment Lyme disease and other infection-associated chronic illnesses.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Promoting a Positive Relationship Between Physicians and Patients with Lyme Disease During Pregnancy and Parenthood.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing Practices in a Lyme Disease-Endemic Area.Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Patient roadmap and economic burden of chronic tick-borne illness and post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome in Ireland, and public health issues arising.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Norwegians who report persistent health complaints attributed to tick bites or tick-borne diseases.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A Lyme disease mRNA vaccine targetingMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Proposed research classification criteria for Lyme disease in infection associated chronic illness studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Public Health Impact of Lyme Disease in Minnesota: A Simulation Analysis of Reported and Unreported Cases.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2025Article
- Lyme Disease Biobank: 10 years of 3 month follow-up visits from 2014 to 2023.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Optimizing Exclusion Criteria for Clinical Trials of Persistent Lyme Disease Using Real-World Data.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Long COVID or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC) and the Urgent Need to Identify Diagnostic Biomarkers and Risk Factors.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Review
- Invalidation by medical professionals in post-treatment Lyme disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Suppression of host humoral immunity byInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Developing a Prospective Gestational Lyme Disease Study.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Medical Gaslighting and Lyme Disease: The Patient Experience.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLyme disease (LD) is an infectious multi-system illness caused by the bacterial genus Borrelia and spread by bites of infected ticks. Although most patients are successfully treated by timely antibiotic therapy, it is broadly accepted that a sizeable number of patients experience treatment failure and continue to suffer long-term, debilitating symptoms, including pain, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and other symptoms. This is known as post-treatment LD (PTLD), for which diagnosis is not standardized and treatment remains controversial. The prevalence and societal burden of PTLD is unknown.
methodsIn an effort to help characterize the LD landscape, we estimated the number of PTLD cases in the US in 2016 and 2020 using Monte-Carlo simulation techniques, publically-available demographic datasets, uncertainty in the inputs and realistic assumptions about incidence and treatment failure rates.
resultsDepending on the input assumptions, PTLD prevalence estimates for 2016 ranged from 69,011 persons (95% CI 51,796 to 89,312) to 1,523,869 (CI 1,268,634 to 1,809,416). Prevalence in 2020 is predicted to be higher than 2016, and may be as high as 1,944,189 (CI 1,619,988 to 2,304,147) cases.
conclusionsThe cumulative prevalence of PLTD in the United States is estimated to be high and continues to increase. These findings will be of interest to epidemiologists and health economists studying disease burden in the US and elsewhere, and justify funding to study PTLD diagnosis and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.