SynthesisBMC cancer2019
Smoking status and subsequent gastric cancer risk in men compared with women: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.
Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for gastric cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Dose-response association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2024Pooled it
- A novel risk stratification strategy for precision prevention of gastric cancer based on clinicopathological features and IGFBP7.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Network Information-Based Behavior Change Wheel for Populations at High Risk of Developing Gastric Cancer.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of gastric cancer attributable to smoking and a high-sodium diet from 1990 to 2021: a global burden of disease study 2021.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Article
- Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in Gastric Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Life expectancy of patients with early gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy: comparison with the general population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- GastricAITool: A Clinical Decision Support Tool for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Gastric Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Screening for oncogenic AF1q expression predicts disease recurrence in gastric cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Impact of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Early-Onset Gastric Cancer Development in Young Koreans: A Population-Based Study.Journal of gastric cancer · 2024Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the risk of developing gastric cancer based on a questionnaire: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Pro-Inflammatory Diet as a Risk Factor for Stomach Cancer: Findings from a Multicenter Study in Central and Western China.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Global burden of gastric cancer: epidemiological trends, risk factors, screening and prevention.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Case-control study on CYP4B1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer in the chinese Han population.BMC medical genomics · 2022Article
- Evaluation of CSTB and DMBT1 expression in saliva of gastric cancer patients and controls.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- The burden and trend of gastric cancer and possible risk factors in five Asian countries from 1990 to 2019.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Different Number of XELOX or SOX Chemotherapy Cycles After D2 Resection for Stage III Gastric Cancer.Journal of gastric cancer · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is one of the well-established risk factors for gastric cancer incidence, yet whether men are more or equally susceptible to gastric cancer due to smoking compared with women is a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of sex on gastric cancer risk associated with smoking.
methodsWe conducted a systemic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases to identify studies published from inception to December 2018. We included prospective observational studies which reported effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of current or former smokers with the incidence of gastric cancer by sex. We calculated the ratio of relative risk (RRR) with corresponding 95% CI based on sex-specific effect estimates for current or former smokers versus non-smokers on the risk of gastric cancer.
resultsWe included 10 prospective studies with 3,381,345 participants in our analysis. Overall, the summary RRR (male to female) for gastric cancer risk in current smokers was significantly increased compared with non-smokers (RRR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05-1.63; P = 0.019). Furthermore, there was no significant sex difference for the association between former smokers and gastric cancer risk (RRR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.92-1.55; P = 0.178). However, the result of sensitivity analysis indicated the pooled result was not stable, which was altered by excluding a nested case-control study (RRR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.10-1.57; P = 0.002).
conclusionThis systematic review showed a potential sex difference association between current smokers and the risk of gastric cancer. The sex differential in smokers can give important clues for the etiology of gastric cancers and should be examined in further studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.