ReviewViruses2019
Influenza Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase: Yin⁻Yang Proteins Coevolving to Thwart Immunity.
Review in Viruses, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intranasal natural products for influenza treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Substitutions affecting the HA-NA-receptor balance preceded the emergence of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Diminished sialoside binding in novel H5N1 influenza hemagglutinin variants identified in a human patient.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Single-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles displaying stabilized prefusion-closed hemagglutinin trimers for influenza vaccine development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genetic Determinants Analysis of PB1 and PB2 Genes in H5N1 Avian Influenza Strains from Romania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive H5N1 Neuraminidase Antibodies by Age and Influenza A Imprinting Cohorts of the Past Century: Population-Based Serosurvey, British Columbia, Canada.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Two decades (2005 to 2025) of avian influenza research trends, knowledge gaps and distribution of emerging H5N1 2.3.4.4b clade in South Asia.One health outlook · 2026Article
- Immunity to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase results in additive reductions in airborne transmission of influenza H1N1 virus in ferrets.Science advances · 2026Article
- The emerging role of TLR7-mediated signaling in respiratory viral infections and autoimmune diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- CircRNA expression profiling in H1N1-infected primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells identifies candidate immune-related circRNAs validated in A549 cells.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Influenza Surveillance in the Central African Republic From 2015 to 2018 to Inform Vaccination and Treatment Strategies.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Article
- Recent advances in lateral flow devices and point-of-care diagnostics for highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Mammalian antiviral proteins ZAP and KHNYN can independently restrict CpG-enriched avian viruses.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- HarnessingMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Review
- Mammalian ZAP and KHNYN can independently restrict CpG-enriched avian viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Fighting the flu in the tropics: The role of influenza vaccination in Southeast Asia.Asia Pacific allergy · 2025Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virions possess two surface glycoproteins-the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)-which exert opposite functions. HA attaches virions to cells by binding to terminal sialic acid residues on glycoproteins/glycolipids to initiate the infectious cycle, while NA cleaves terminal sialic acids, releasing virions to complete the infectious cycle. Antibodies specific for HA or NA can protect experimental animals from IAV pathogenesis and drive antigenic variation in their target epitopes that impairs vaccine effectiveness in humans. Here, we review progress in understanding HA/NA co-evolution as each acquires epistatic mutations to restore viral fitness to mutants selected in the other protein by host innate or adaptive immune pressure. We also discuss recent exciting findings that antibodies to HA can function in vivo by blocking NA enzyme activity to prevent nascent virion release and enhance Fc receptor-based activation of innate immune cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.