ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Reduced T-cell Numbers and Elevated Levels of Immunomodulatory Cytokines in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients De Novo Resistant to Abiraterone and/or Enzalutamide Therapy.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 3: PD-L1, Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 4: Experimental Treatments in Pre-Clinical Studies (Cell Lines and Mouse Models).International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Androgen receptor and fatty acid oxidation cooperate in ferroptosis evasion in BRAFi resistant melanoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Dynamic Reprogramming of Immune-Related Signaling During Progression to Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2025Article
- IL-6/STAT3 signaling in prostate cancer: CAF-driven immune evasion and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Advances in the application of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for prostate cancer: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Progesterone boosts abiraterone-driven target and NK cell therapies against glioblastoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1-CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Immunome profiling in prostate cancer: a guide for clinicians.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Targeting the fibroblast growth factor pathway in molecular subtypes of castration-resistant prostate cancer.The Prostate · 2024Article
- Liquid biopsy to personalize treatment for metastatic prostate cancer.American journal of translational research · 2024Review
- A Case of Prostatic Signet-Ring Cell-like Carcinoma with Pagetoid Spread and Intraductal Carcinoma and Long-Term Survival: PD-L1 and Mismatch Repair System Proteins (MMR) Immunohistochemical Evaluation with Systematic Literature Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Chemokines and cytokines: Axis and allies in prostate cancer pathogenesis.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Review
- Immune response and inflammation in cancer health disparities.Trends in cancer · 2022Review
- Immunotherapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Currently, there are two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients: abiraterone and enzalutamide. However, our understanding of the effect of these therapies on the immune system in mCRPC patients remains limited. Here, we examined how abiraterone and enzalutamide treatment affects levels of soluble immune mediators in plasma and in circulating immune cells of 44 mCRPC patients. We found that the baseline levels of cytokines fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and IL-6 were significantly lower in ADT-sensitive compared to de novo resistant patients. In addition, resistant patients showed significantly lower T cell frequencies. When comparing the levels of cytokines over the course of treatment, we observed that the levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-5, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), were significantly increased in the ADT-sensitive patients. At the same time, the abiraterone/enzalutamide therapy did not reduce the percentage of tolerogenic myeloid cell populations, such as polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which retained unaltered expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and B7-H3. Overall, our results suggest that certain immune markers, such as IL-6 and the frequency of effector T cells, could be predictive of therapeutic response to ADT therapies in mCRPC patients.
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