ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)2019
White matter hyperintensities in vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): Knowledge gaps and opportunities.
Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01953705 (Omega 3 PUFA for the Vascular Component of Age-related Cognitive Decline), which is not on this map. Cited by 302 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
302citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Omega 3 PUFA for the Vascular Component of Age-related Cognitive Decline
Who cites it
302 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between white matter hyperintensities and suicide attempts in affective disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Neurobiological effects of music-making interventions for older adults: a systematic review.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- White matter hyperintensities and the risk of vascular dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2025Pooled it
- Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and cognition: A two-step IPD meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- A genome-wide association meta-analysis of all-cause and vascular dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging as a Tool to Evaluate the Cognitive Function of Patients With Vascular Dementia: A Meta-Analysis.The neurologist · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of long-term exposure to high altitude on brain structure in healthy people: an MRI-based systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Neuropsychological differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: a systematic review with meta-regressions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- ω-3 PUFA for Secondary Prevention of White Matter Lesions and Neuronal Integrity Breakdown in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Blood-brain barrier disruption and increased free water are associated with worse cognitive performance in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Trial
- Wasteosomes accumulate in periventricular white matter hyperintensities and exhibit complex relationships with mixed pathology, sclerotic index, and perivascular space.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase-VB inhibition rescues brain endothelial stress and memory in Alzheimer's disease models.Science advances · 2026Article
- Multimodal Retinal Imaging Correlates With Brain Atrophy and Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Assessment of the Turkish Version of the MMSE, MoCA, and ACE-R for Screening Mild Vascular Cognitive Impairment.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biomarker profiles in late-life depression and Alzheimer's disease across and beyond the A/T/N framework: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Cognitive dispersion is associated with white matter hyperintensities in amyloid positive older adults.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Article
- Circulating Progenitor Cells, Regenerative Capacity and Cognition: Evidence From 2 Community-Based Cohorts.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
- Elevated HbA1c is associated with advanced brain age in severe obesity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Short T1 Fraction as a Marker of Myelin Content: Evidence from Postmortem MRI and Histology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Periventricular gradient of normal-appearing white matter in normal aging and multiple neurological diseases.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
242 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
53 authors.
Jessica AlberDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
Suvarna AlladiDepartment of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Hee-Joon BaeCerebrovascular Disease Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
David A BartonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Laurel A BeckettDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Joanne M BellSyneos Health, Wilmington, NC, USA.
Sara E BermanWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Geert Jan BiesselsDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Sandra E BlackDepartment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Isabelle BosDepartment of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Gene L BowmanDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Emanuele BraiNeuro-Bio Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, UK.
Adam M BrickmanTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Brandy L CallahanDepartment of Psychology, University of Calgary & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Roderick A CorriveauDepartment of Psychology, University of Calgary & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Silvia FossatiDepartments of Neurology and Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Rebecca F GottesmanDivision of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Deborah R GustafsonSection for NeuroEpidemiology, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Vladimir HachinskiWestern University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
Kathleen M HaydenDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Alex M HelmanUniversity of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA.
Timothy M HughesDepartment of Internal Medicine - Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Jeremy D IsaacsSt George's University of London and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Angela L JeffersonVanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Sterling C JohnsonDepartment of Medicine-Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Alifiya KapasiDepartment of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Silke KernDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Jay C KwonDepartment of Neurology, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Korea.
Juraj KukoljaDepartment of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Athene LeeDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Samuel N LockhartDepartment of Internal Medicine - Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Anne MurrayBerman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, 20298 Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Katie E OsbornVanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Melinda C PowerDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Brittani R PriceSanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Hanneke F M Rhodius-MeesterAlzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jacqueline A RondeauMontclair Memory Clinic, Montclair, NJ, USA.
Allyson C RosenDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Douglas L RoseneAnatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Julie A SchneiderRush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA.
Henrieta ScholtzovaDepartment of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
C Elizabeth ShaabanDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health & Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Narlon C B S SilvaSchool of Kinesiology, Western Centre for Public Health & Family Medicine, London, ON, Canada.
Heather M SnyderDivision of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
Walter SwardfagerSunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Aron M TroenInstitute of Biochemistry Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Susanne J van VeluwDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Prashanthi VemuriDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
Anders WallinInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Cheryl WellingtonDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Donna M WilcockSanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Sharon Xiangwen XieDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Atticus H HainsworthMolecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Funding
UPenn ADCC Biomarker CoreP30AG010124 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI XIE, SHARON XIANGWEN · 1991 to 2020
$35.1MWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG062715 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Sanjay Asthana · 2019 to 2026
$34.5MUC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Core CenterP30AG010129 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI DECARLI, CHARLES · 1991 to 2020
$28.3MUniversity of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Core Center - Biomarker CoreP30AG028383 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI GOLD, BRIAN TIMOTHY, VAN ELDIK, LINDA J · 2006 to 2020
$23.3MPRECURSORS OF STROKE INCIDENCE AND PROGNOSISR01NS017950 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Hugo Javier Aparicio, Jose Rafael Romero · 1985 to 2026
$22.9MWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP50AG033514 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI JOHNSON, JEFFREY A · 2009 to 2018
$16.2MTemporal Trends, Novel Imaging and Molecular Characterization of Preclinical and Clinical Alzheimer's Disease in the Framingham CohortsR01AG054076 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI DECARLI, CHARLES, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2016 to 2020
$12.3MWake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Core CenterP30AG049638 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BAKER, LAURA D. · 2016 to 2020
$12.2MINTEGRATED TRAINING FOR PHYSICIAN-SCIENTISTST32GM008692 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI BURKARD, MARK E · 1998 to 2020
$10.3MResearch Project: Sensory and Multisensory Contributions to AutismU54HD083211 · NICHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI DYKENS, ELISABETH MAY · 2015 to 2019
$7.1MCognitively Healthy Nonagenarians in the Cross Cohort Collaboration (CCC)RF1AG059421 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2018 to 2018
$6.1MPotentiation of CAA-mediated endothelial dysfunction by cardiovascular risk factorsR01NS104127 · NINDS · TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH · PI FOSSATI, SILVIA · 2018 to 2022
$3.0MMedical Research Council MR/L023784/2Medical Research Council MR/R005567/1National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research G0800701/1NIA NIH HHS F30 AG054115NIA NIH HHS F31 AG054084NIA NIH HHS F32 AG058395NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010124NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010129NIA NIH HHS P30 AG028383NIA NIH HHS P30 AG049638NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062715NIA NIH HHS P50 AG033514NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054076NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062572NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG059421NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD083211NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008692NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS017950NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS104127
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are frequently seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of older people. Usually interpreted clinically as a surrogate for cerebral small vessel disease, WMHs are associated with increased likelihood of cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease [AD]). WMHs are also seen in cognitively healthy people. In this collaboration of academic, clinical, and pharmaceutical industry perspectives, we identify outstanding questions about WMHs and their relation to cognition, dementia, and AD. What molecular and cellular changes underlie WMHs? What are the neuropathological correlates of WMHs? To what extent are demyelination and inflammation present? Is it helpful to subdivide into periventricular and subcortical WMHs? What do WMHs signify in people diagnosed with AD? What are the risk factors for developing WMHs? What preventive and therapeutic strategies target WMHs? Answering these questions will improve prevention and treatment of WMHs and dementia.
Indexed as
LeukoaraiosisSmall vessel diseaseVascular cognitive impairmentVascular dementiaWhite matter lesions
Identifiers
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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT01953705ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.