ReviewNutrients2019
From Probiotics to Psychobiotics: Live Beneficial Bacteria Which Act on the Brain-Gut Axis.
Review in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of probiotic supplementation on cortisol levels; GRADE-based dose-response meta-analysis.BMC nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Probiotic intake and mental health in healthy working adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The Role of Psychobiotics in Supporting the Treatment of Disturbances in the Functioning of the Nervous System-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Heat-TreatedNutrients · 2025Trial
- Review
- Interplay between gut health, immunity, and bone development in broilers: role of feed additives.Poultry science · 2026Review
- GABA-Producing Bacteria as Potential Psychobiotics in Gut-Brain Axis Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neurocognitive effects of postbiotics from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains in a mouse model of chronic variable stress.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Microbes, mood, and metabolism/obesity: Pharmacological insights into the gut-obesity-depression triad.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Progress in research on cognitive frailty in the older adults: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Application of Probiotics and Postbiotics in Neurological Disorders.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Gut-brain-immune axis implications for mental health and disease.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome: an updated comprehensive review from mechanisms to clinical implications.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanistic Insights Through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Therapeutic Prospects.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder (BD).Cells · 2025Review
- Association Between Fermented Food Consumption and Sleep Quality Under Psychological Stress: Prospective Cohort Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Climate-smart livestock nutrition in semi-arid Southern African agricultural systems.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- The gut-brain connection: microbes' influence on mental health and psychological disorders.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Review
- The role of probiotics in modulation of the gut-brain axis: a prospective therapy for depression and mood disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Gut-Spinal Cord Axis in Spinal Cord Injury: Bidirectional Inflammatory Mechanisms and Microbiota-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is an important relationship between probiotics, psychobiotics and cognitive and behavioral processes, which include neurological, metabolic, hormonal and immunological signaling pathways; the alteration in these systems may cause alterations in behavior (mood) and cognitive level (learning and memory). Psychobiotics have been considered key elements in affective disorders and the immune system, in addition to their effect encompassing the regulation of neuroimmune regulation and control axes (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis or HPA, the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis or SAM and the inflammatory reflex) in diseases of the nervous system. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent findings about psychobiotics, the brain-gut axis and the immune system. The review focuses on a very new and interesting field that relates the microbiota of the intestine with diseases of the nervous system and its possible treatment, in neuroimmunomodulation area. Indeed, although probiotic bacteria will be concentrated after ingestion, mainly in the intestinal epithelium (where they provide the host with essential nutrients and modulation of the immune system), they may also produce neuroactive substances which act on the brain-gut axis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.