ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2018
Air pollution and Autism in Denmark.
Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants and relationships of climate change, climate change hazards, mental health, and well-being: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Evidence of susceptibility to autism risks associated with early life ambient air pollution: A systematic review.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Climate change and child health in Europe: a scoping review of emerging impacts.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Newborn metabolomics linking prenatal air pollution exposure and autism spectrum disorder risk in children.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Perinatal exposure to gaseous pollutants and autism spectrum disorder in children: A nested case-control study in the nurses' health study ii cohort.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to extreme heat and autism in children.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Wildfire and Autism in Children.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to wildfire-related PMEnvironment international · 2026Article
- Fine and ultrafine particulate matter components and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Environment international · 2026Article
- Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter and autism spectrum disorder in children: population based case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association Between Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Autism in Children: EPINED Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Components and Autism Risk in Childhood.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Multifactorial Disorder: The Interplay of Genetic Factors and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Unveiling Multipollutant Risks and Sociodemographic Influences in California.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Maternal Exposure to Passive Smoking and Environmental Factors: A Case-Control Study in Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Environmental factors associated with autism spectrum disorder in Southern Europe: a systematic review.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2025Review
- Prenatal Exposure to Source-Specific Fine Particulate Matter and Autism Spectrum Disorder.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Birth Cohort Studies of Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Early Life and Development of Asthma in Children and Adolescents from Denmark.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2024Article
- Pre-pregnancy ozone and ultrafine particulate matter exposure during second year of life associated with decreased cognitive and adaptive functioning at aged 2-5 years.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Ultrafine particulate matter exposure during second year of life, but not before, associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in BKMR mixtures model of multiple air pollutants.Environmental research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and air pollution studies focused on pregnancy exposures, but another vulnerable period is immediate postnatally. Here, we examined early life exposures to air pollution from the pre- to the postnatal period and ASD/ASD subtypes in the Danish population.
methodsWith Danish registers, we conducted a nationwide case-control study of 15,387 children with ASD born 1989-2013 and 68,139 population controls matched by birth year and sex identified from the birth registry. We generated air dispersion model (AirGIS) estimates for NO2, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 at mothers' home from 9 months before to 9 months after pregnancy and calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for parental age, neighborhood socio-economic indicators, and maternal smoking using conditional logistic regression.
resultsIn models that included all exposure periods, we estimated adjusted ORs for ASD per interquartile range (IQR) increase for 9 month after pregnancy with NO2 of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) and with PM2.5 of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.11); associations were smaller for PM10 (1.04; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.09) and strongest for SO2 (1.21; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.29). Also, associations for pollutants were stronger in more recent years (2000-2013) and in larger cities compared with provincial towns/rural counties. For particles and NO2, associations were only specific to autism and Asperger diagnoses.
conclusionOur data suggest that air pollutant exposure in early infancy but not during pregnancy increases the risk of being diagnosed with autism and Asperger among children born in Denmark.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.