ReviewEuropean stroke journal2016
The "inflammatory penumbra" in ischemic stroke: From clinical data to experimental evidence.
Review in European stroke journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spinal Cord Ischemia Following Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Translational Insights from Stroke and Traumatic Injury for Biomarker Development.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Analysis of Predictive Factors for Cognitive Function Improvement After tDCS Treatment in Patients With Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Functional Outcomes in Conservatively vs Surgically Treated Cerebellar Infarcts.JAMA neurology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic effect ofJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- The Implications of Microglial Regulation in Neuroplasticity-Dependent Stroke Recovery.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Nanotechnology in Stroke: New Trails with Smaller Scales.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Peripheral blood CD19 positive B lymphocytes increase after ischemic stroke and correlate with carotid atherosclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Neuroimaging is the new "spatial omic": multi-omic approaches to neuro-inflammation and immuno-thrombosis in acute ischemic stroke.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
- Systemic Inflammation Response Index as a Predictor of Stroke Risk in Elderly Patients with Hypertension: A Cohort Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Effects of edaravone dexborneol on neurological function and serum inflammatory factor levels in patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke.Translational neuroscience · 2023Article
- Duration of Ischemia Impacts Postreperfusion Clinical Outcomes Independent of Follow-Up Infarct Volume.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Effects of ischemic postconditioning and long non-coding RNAs in ischemic stroke.Bioengineered · 2022Review
- Neurological Instability in Ischemic Stroke: Relation with Outcome, Latency Time, and Molecular Markers.Translational stroke research · 2022Observational
- Clinical and Computerized Volumetric Analysis of Posterior Fossa Decompression for Space-Occupying Cerebellar Infarction.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- How Brain Infarction Links With the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Hints From Studies Focusing on the Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Could Lipoxins Represent a New Standard in Ischemic Stroke Treatment?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Defining Hypoperfusion in Chronic Aphasia: An Individualized Thresholding Approach.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Understanding the Connection Between Common Stroke Comorbidities, Their Associated Inflammation, and the Course of the Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Cascade.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Investigation of reactive astrogliosis effect on post-stroke cognitive impairment.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Immune responses to stroke: mechanisms, modulation, and therapeutic potential.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe objective of the present review is to provide an overview of the available clinical and preclinical data supporting the existence of an "inflammatory penumbra" in ischemic stroke.
findingsRecent data from clinical trials suggest the existence of an inflammatory area at risk, surrounding the initial ischemic lesion and secondarily infiltrated by lymphocytes, that is ultimately recruited by the ischemic core: called the "inflammatory penumbra." Experimental results support this concept. Lymphocytes, especially T-cells, enter the brain in the perilesional area in a vascular-cell adhesion molecule-1 dependent manner and participate in delayed neuronal cell death.
methodsFor writing this review, we used the more recent publications in the field, including the preclinical and clinical studies. We have also used our own experise in the field of in vivo imaging of inflammatory processes. DISCUSSION: Consequently, the intensity of the inflammatory reaction and the size of the inflammatory penumbra may vary considerably in patients, as it is the case in experimental stroke models in mice. By analogy with the ischemic penumbra of the acute phase of stroke, this secondary inflammatory penumbra represents a therapeutic opportunity during the subacute phase of stroke. Large clinical trials that target lymphocyte trafficking are currently taking place. However, to improve the benefit of such therapeutic strategies, adequate patient selection may be mandatory.
conclusionIn this context, innovative imaging methods including magnetic resonance imaging of adhesion molecules may contribute to noninvasively detect this inflammatory penumbra and thus to select patients eligible for such therapy.
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