ArticlePerspectives in clinical research
Study designs: Part 3 - Analytical observational studies.
Article in Perspectives in clinical research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Taking a Strengths-Based Approach to Mental Health in Rural Communities: What Is the Evidence for Harnessing Strengths?The Australian journal of rural health · 2025Pooled it
- Real-time locating systems to improve healthcare delivery: A systematic review.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2021Pooled it
- The future of gynecologic oncologic surgery: a narrative review of current surgical trials.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2026Review
- Impact of physical activity on semen quality: a review of current evidence.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Promoting Healthy Organizations Through Urban Nature: Psychological and Physiological Effects in Healthcare Workers.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Navigating the Multiverse: a Hitchhiker's guide to selecting harmonization methods for multimodal biomedical data.Biology methods & protocols · 2025Review
- Methodological and Statistical Considerations for Cross-Sectional, Case-Control, and Cohort Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- A Multidisciplinary Approach to Swallowing Rehabilitation in Patients with Forward Head Posture.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Computerized Clinical Decision Support Systems for the Early Detection of Sepsis Among Pediatric, Neonatal, and Maternal Inpatients: Scoping Review.JMIR medical informatics · 2022Article
- Computerized Clinical Decision Support Systems for the Early Detection of Sepsis Among Adult Inpatients: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Article
- Corneal ectasia in mothers of Down syndrome children.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Use and Evaluation of Computerized Clinical Decision Support Systems for Early Detection of Sepsis in Hospitals: Protocol for a Scoping Review.JMIR research protocols · 2020Article
- Sample size calculation in clinical research.Perspectives in clinical researchArticle
- Study designs: Part 4 - Interventional studies.Perspectives in clinical researchArticle
- Statistical tools and packages for data collection, management, and analysis - A brief guide for health and biomedical researchers.Perspectives in clinical researchArticle
- Novel trial designs: Master protocol trials.Perspectives in clinical researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In analytical observational studies, researchers try to establish an association between exposure(s) and outcome(s). Depending on the direction of enquiry, these studies can be directed forwards (cohort studies) or backwards (case-control studies). In this article, we examine the key features of these two types of studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.