ArticleCancer biology & therapy2019
Upregulation of MicroRNA-21 promotes tumorigenesis of prostate cancer cells by targeting KLF5.
Article in Cancer biology & therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Autophagy in Cancer Evolution and Prognosis, Highlighting Its Role in PCa and Its Interaction with Apoptosis and Epigenetic Regulation by miRNAs.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unravelling therapeutic resistance: role of cancer stem cell and microRNA in metastatic prostate cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- miRNA-mediated resistance mechanisms in prostate cancer: implications for targeted therapy and metastatic progression.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural products in modulating miRNA networks in prostate cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic value of miR‑21 and miR‑221 as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of prostate cancer.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Role of MicroRNA-21 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Review
- MicroRNA-21 in urologic cancers: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- ER Negative Breast Cancer and miRNA: There Is More to Decipher Than What the Pathologist Can See!Biomedicines · 2023Review
- miRNA-21 as High Potential Prostate Cancer Biomarker in Prostate Cancer Patients in Indonesia.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Noncoding RNA in the Occurrence of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Metal-organic frameworks-based biosensor for microRNA detection in prostate cancer cell lines.RSC advances · 2022Article
- Article
- The clinical significance of circulating miR-21, miR-142, miR-143, and miR-146a in patients with prostate cancer.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2022Article
- Krüppel-like factor (KLF)5: An emerging foe of cardiovascular health.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2022Review
- The Role of Androgen Receptor and microRNA Interactions in Androgen-Dependent Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- MicroRNA-21 deficiency suppresses prostate cancer progression through downregulation of the IRS1-SREBP-1 signaling pathway.Cancer letters · 2022Article
- Review
- The roles and regulation of the KLF5 transcription factor in cancers.Cancer science · 2021Review
- MicroRNAs as Epigenetic Determinants of Treatment Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2021Review
- Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration.Biomolecules · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second frequently newly diagnosed cancer in men. Androgen deprivation therapy has been widely used to inhibit PCa growth but eventually fails in many patients. Androgen receptor and its downstream molecules like microRNAs could be promising therapeutic targets. We aimed to investigate the involvement of miR-21 in PCa tumorigenesis. We found that miR-21 was an unfavorable factor and correlated positively with tumor grade in PCa patients from TCGA database. MiR-21 was more highly expressed in androgen-independent PCa cells than in androgen-dependent PCa cells. Overexpression of miR-21 promoted androgen-dependent and -independent PCa cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, increased miR-21 expression promoted mouse xenograft growth. We identified nine genes differentially expressed in PCa tumors and normal tissue which could be potential targets of miR-21 by bioinformatic analyses. We demonstrate that miR-21 directly targeted KLF5 and inhibited KLF5 mRNA and protein levels in PCa. STRING and functional enrichment analysis results suggest that GSK3B might be regulated by KLF5. Our findings demonstrate that miR-21 promotes the tumorigenesis of PCa cells by directly targeting KLF5. These biological effects are mediated through upregulation of GSK3B and activation of the AKT signaling pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.