ArticleDiabetologia2019
Elevated brain glutamate levels in type 1 diabetes: correlations with glycaemic control and age of disease onset but not with hypoglycaemia awareness status.
Article in Diabetologia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia on Brain Lactate Accumulation and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus With and Without Hypoglycemia Unawareness and Non-diabetic Controls
The Effect of Exercise-induced Hyperlacticacidemia on Counterregulatory Responses, Symptoms, Cognitive Function and Brain Lactate Accumulation During Hypoglycemia in (Hypoglycemic Unaware)Type I Diabetes Patients and Normal Controls
The Effect of Intravenous Lactate Administration on Brain Lactate Concentrations and pH During Euglycemia and Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis and open-source database for in vivo brain Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in health and disease.Analytical biochemistry · 2023Pooled it
- Spatial correspondence between altered brain function and normative neurotransmitter density maps in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- The Potential Effects of Exercise Training on Cortical Glutamatergic Synapse, Retrograde Endocannabinoid Signaling, and the Oxytocin Signaling Pathway in the Diabetic-Obesity Cortex: An In Silico Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Correlation between time in range and mild cognitive impairment in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Metabolic Trajectories During Surgical Stress in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Increased Expression of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) in the Brain of Chronic Diabetic Rats.Synapse (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Involvement of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors in Diabetic Gastropathy in Rats: Possible Beneficial Effect of Prolonged Treatment with Insulin and Magnesium Supplement.Archives of Razi Institute · 2024Article
- Alterations of the glutamatergic system in diabetes mellitus.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Review
- Meta-analysis and Open-source Database for In Vivo Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Health and Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Potential Therapeutic Targeting Neurotransmitter Receptors in Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Modulatory effects of photobiomodulation in the anterior cingulate cortex of diabetic rats.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2021Article
- The Association between Hepatic Encephalopathy and Diabetic Encephalopathy: The Brain-Liver Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Acute Hyperglycemia Increases Brain Pregenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Glutamate Concentrations in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2020Article
- Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Prevents Experimental Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Loss of Hippocampal Neurons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Hippocampal Neurochemical Profile and Glucose Transport Kinetics in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- The neurometabolic profiles of GABA and Glutamate as revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisChronic hyperglycaemia in type 1 diabetes affects the structure and functioning of the brain, but the impact of recurrent hypoglycaemia is unclear. Changes in the neurochemical profile have been linked to loss of neuronal function. We therefore aimed to investigate the impact of type 1 diabetes and burden of hypoglycaemia on brain metabolite levels, in which we assumed the burden to be high in individuals with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) and low in those with normal awareness of hypoglycaemia (NAH).
methodsWe investigated 13 non-diabetic control participants, 18 individuals with type 1 diabetes and NAH and 13 individuals with type 1 diabetes and IAH. Brain metabolite levels were determined by analysing previously obtained
resultsBrain glutamate levels were higher in participants with diabetes, both with NAH (+15%, p = 0.013) and with IAH (+19%, p = 0.003), compared with control participants. Cerebral glutamate levels correlated with HbA CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationIn conclusion, brain glutamate levels are elevated in people with type 1 diabetes and correlate with glycaemic control and age of disease diagnosis, but not with burden of hypoglycaemia as reflected by IAH. This suggests a potential role for glutamate as an early marker of hyperglycaemia-induced cerebral complications of type 1 diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03286816; NCT02146404; NCT02308293.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.