ReviewJournal of craniovertebral junction & spine
Treatment algorithm for spontaneous spinal infections: A review of the literature.
Review in Journal of craniovertebral junction & spine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the management of pediatric spondylodiscitis based on existing literature; a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of Hospital Mortality and Risk Factors in Conservative and Surgical Treatment of Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Nationwide Analysis of 49,951 Cases in Germany.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Secondary vs. Primary Spinal Infection in Early Clinical Assessment: A Parsimonious, Leakage-Resistant Modelling Approach with Internal Validation: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of suspected spinal infections from biopsy samples: a novel biopsy toolkit design and real-life diagnostic value.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Progress in diagnosis and treatment of primary spondylodiscitis: a systematic literature review.EFORT open reviews · 2025Article
- Additional benefits of combined ceftriaxone and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on revamping the outcomes in rodent after acute spinal infection.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Lumbar Infectious Spondylodiscitis: A Retrospective Study and Preliminary Results.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Article
- The Need for Comprehensive Medical Management in Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis: A Review Article.Spine surgery and related research · 2024Review
- Letter to Editor Regarding "Computed Tomography-Guided Spinal Biopsy in Suspected Infective Spondylodiscitis: An Institutional Review of Its Utility".The Indian journal of radiology & imaging · 2024Article
- Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the clinical identification of spinal infection-associated pathogens.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Antibiotic use in spine surgery: A narrative review based in principles of antibiotic stewardship.North American Spine Society journal · 2023Article
- [Spondylodiscitis].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Outcome of Targeted vs Empiric Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Spondylodiscitis: A Retrospective Analysis of 201 Patients.International journal of spine surgery · 2023Article
- A diagnostic model for differentiating tuberculous spondylitis from pyogenic spondylitis: a retrospective case-control study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- An Assessment of the Safety of Surgery and Hardware Placement in de-novo Spinal Infections. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature.Global spine journal · 2023Review
- Clinical infections in neurosurgical oncology: An overview.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- Article
- The one-stop-shop approach: Navigating lumbar 360-degree instrumentation in a single position.Frontiers in surgery · 2023Article
- Surgery combined with antibiotics for thoracic vertebralWorld journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrimary spinal infections are rare pathologies with an estimated incidence of 5% of all osteomyelitis. The diagnosis can be challenging and this might result in a late identification. The etiological diagnosis is the primary concern to determine the most appropriate treatment. The aim of this review article was to identify the importance of a methodological attitude toward accurate and prompt diagnosis using an algorithm to aid on spinal infection management.
methodsA search was done on spinal infection in some databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Embasco, and Scopus.
resultsLiterature reveals that on the basis of a clinical suspicion, the diagnosis can be formulated with a rational use of physical, radiological, and microbiological examinations. Microbiological culture samples can be obtained by a percutaneous computed tomography-guided procedure or by an open surgical biopsy. When possible, the samples should be harvested before antibiotic treatment is started. Indications for surgical treatment include neurological deficits or sepsis, spine instability and/or deformity, presence of epidural abscess and failure of conservative treatment.
conclusionA multidisciplinary approach involving both a spinal surgeon and an infectious disease specialist is necessary to better define the treatment strategy. Based on literature findings, a treatment algorithm for the diagnosis and management of primary spinal infections is proposed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.