ArticleScientific reports2019
A functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study of patients with Polar Type II/III complex shoulder instability.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation-Enhanced Physical Therapist Intervention for Functional Posterior Shoulder Instability (Type B1): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Physical therapy · 2024Trial
- Shoulder-Pacemaker Treatment Concept for Posterior Positional Functional Shoulder Instability: A Prospective Clinical Trial.The American journal of sports medicine · 2020Trial
- Grading system for Hill-Sachs lesion and its association with Bankart lesion: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Changes in mental health and joint-specific patient-reported outcome measures following arthroscopic shoulder labral repair.JSES international · 2025Article
- The Top-20 Studies About Anterior Shoulder Instability From an Altmetric Analysis Had Higher Levels of Evidence Than Those From a Traditional Bibliometric Analysis.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Article
- Advances in the Non-Operative Management of Multidirectional Instability of the Glenohumeral Joint.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Functional cortical changes associated with shoulder instability - a systematic review.Shoulder & elbow · 2022Article
- Chronic musculoskeletal impairment is associated with alterations in brain regions responsible for the production and perception of movement.The Journal of physiology · 2021Article
- The Pencil Exercise.Video journal of sports medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Stanmore Classification Polar type II/III shoulder instability is not well understood. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to measure brain activity in response to forward flexion and abduction in 16 patients with Polar Type II/III shoulder instability and 16 age-matched controls. When a cluster level correction was applied patients showed significantly greater brain activity than controls in primary motor cortex (BA4), supramarginal gyrus (BA40), inferior frontal gyrus (BA44), precentral gyrus (BA6) and middle frontal gyrus (BA6): the latter region is considered premotor cortex. Using voxel level correction within these five regions a unique activation was found in the primary motor cortex (BA4) at MNI coordinates -38 -26 56. Activation was greater in controls compared to patients in the parahippocampal gyrus (BA27) and perirhinal cortex (BA36). These findings show, for the first time, neural differences in patients with complex shoulder instability, and suggest that patients are in some sense working harder or differently to maintain shoulder stability, with brain activity similar to early stage motor sequence learning. It will help to understand the condition, design better therapies and improve treatment of this group; avoiding the common clinical misconception that their recurrent shoulder dislocations are a form of attention-seeking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.