Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30999957›Full record

Trial reportMalaria journal2019

Long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying may not be sufficient to eliminate malaria in a low malaria incidence area: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial in Ethiopia.

Eskindir Loha, Wakgari Deressa, Taye Gari, Meshesha Balkew, Oljira Kenea, Tarekegn Solomon, Alemayehu Hailu, Bjarne Robberstad, Meselech Assegid, Hans J Overgaard and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Malaria journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
8.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Eskindir LohaSchool of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Wakgari DeressaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Taye GariSchool of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Meshesha BalkewAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Oljira KeneaAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Tarekegn SolomonSchool of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Alemayehu HailuDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Bjarne RobberstadCentre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Meselech AssegidDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Hans J OvergaardNorwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
Bernt LindtjørnCentre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Bernt.Lindtjorn@uib.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-6984
University of Bergen · NOAddis Ababa University · ETHawassa University · ETNorwegian University of Life Sciences · NO

Funding

Norges Forskningsråd 220554
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundConflicting results exist on the added benefit of combining long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) with indoor residual spraying (IRS) to control malaria infection. The main study objective was to evaluate whether the combined use of LLINs and IRS with propoxur provides additional protection against Plasmodium falciparum and/or Plasmodium vivax among all age groups compared to LLINs or IRS alone.

methodsThis cluster-randomized, controlled trial was conducted in the Rift Valley area of Ethiopia from September 2014 to January 2017 (121 weeks); 44 villages were allocated to each of four study arms: LLIN + IRS, IRS, LLIN, and control. Each week, 6071 households with 34,548 persons were surveyed by active and passive case detection for clinical malaria. Primary endpoints were the incidence of clinical malaria and anaemia prevalence.

resultsDuring the study, 1183 malaria episodes were identified, of which 55.1% were P. falciparum and 25.3% were P. vivax, and 19.6% were mixed infections of P. falciparum and P. vivax. The overall malaria incidence was 16.5 per 1000 person-years of observation time (PYO), and similar in the four arms with 17.2 per 1000 PYO in the LLIN + IRS arm, 16.1 in LLIN, 17.0 in IRS, and 15.6 in the control arm. There was no significant difference in risk of anaemia among the trial arms.

conclusionsThe clinical malaria incidence and anaemia prevalence were similar in the four study groups. In areas with low malaria incidence, using LLINs and IRS in combination or alone may not eliminate malaria. Complementary interventions that reduce residual malaria transmission should be explored in addition to LLINs and IRS to further reduce malaria transmission in such settings. Trial registration PACTR201411000882128 (08 September 2014).

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsAnophelesChildChild, PreschoolCluster AnalysisEthiopiaFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornInsecticidesInsecticidesAnaemiaCluster-randomized controlled trialEthiopiaIncidenceIndoor residual sprayingLong-lasting insecticidal netsMalariaVector control

Identifiers

PMID30999957
PMCPMC6471954
OpenAlexW2947137579

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.