ReviewNutrients2019
Glutamine as an Anti-Fatigue Amino Acid in Sports Nutrition.
Review in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical Activity and Metabolic Alterations in Children and Adolescents Across Different Weight Groups: A Systematic Review.European journal of sport science · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of different dietary interventions for cardiopulmonary fitness at high altitude: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Yacon root is a functional food beneficial for human health: a meta-analysis of clinical trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Prolonged increase in glutamate whole body and intracellular production in older adults with COPD and healthy controls post-resistance exercise.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2025Trial
- Supplementation of L-glutamine enhanced mucosal immunity and improved hormonal status of combat-sport athletes.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Concurrent Ingestion of Alkaline Water and L-Glutamine Enhanced Salivary α-Amylase Activity and Testosterone Concentration in Boxing Athletes.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Effect ofJournal of immunology research · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Muscle Fatigue in Healthy, Young, Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Glutamine metabolism in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Molecular Weight-Dependent Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Glutamine-Rich Corn Protein Hydrolysate: Insights into the Predicted Structural Characteristics of Identified Peptides.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cognition, Utilization and Industrial Development of Sports Nutrition Foods: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Seasonal Metabolic Profiling and Anti-Inflammatory Potential ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- ppAT drives glutamine-dependent purine biosynthesis and malignant progression in hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- The Post-COVID syndrome caused by excessive inflammation: pathogenesis, potential targets and therapeutic agents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The role of biotics and bioactive compounds in sports injuries: a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Plasma alterations in immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, serum transferrin, serum albumin, prealbumin, interleukin 6 and serum C-reactive protein after immune-type enteral nutrition support in patients undergoing radical resection of colon cancer.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles in metabolic perspective: mechanism and targeted therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid widely used in sports nutrition, especially because of its immunomodulatory role. Notwithstanding, glutamine plays several other biological functions, such as cell proliferation, energy production, glycogenesis, ammonia buffering, maintenance of the acid-base balance, among others. Thus, this amino acid began to be investigated in sports nutrition beyond its effect on the immune system, attributing to glutamine various properties, such as an anti-fatigue role. Considering that the ergogenic potential of this amino acid is still not completely known, this review aimed to address the main properties by which glutamine could delay fatigue, as well as the effects of glutamine supplementation, alone or associated with other nutrients, on fatigue markers and performance in the context of physical exercise. PubMed database was selected to examine the literature, using the keywords combination "glutamine" and "fatigue". Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this integrative literature review. Most of the studies evaluated observed that glutamine supplementation improved some fatigue markers, such as increased glycogen synthesis and reduced ammonia accumulation, but this intervention did not increase physical performance. Thus, despite improving some fatigue parameters, glutamine supplementation seems to have limited effects on performance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.