ReviewBMJ open ophthalmology2019
Surgical management of intermittent exotropia: do we have an answer for all?
Review in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Clinical research on the application of AI-assisted computing systems in the treatment of intermittent exotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Review
- Development and internal validation of a prescriptive multi-task learning model for horizontal strabismus surgery planning.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Digital therapy using dichoptic visual perceptual learning to improve stereopsis in children with intermittent exotropia.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Deviation control that deteriorates with fixation distance in basic-type intermittent exotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A Stratified Surgical Approach for Convergence Insufficiency-Type Exotropia Based on Near Deviation Magnitude: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Motor and Sensory Outcomes.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2025Article
- Sensory outcome of exotropia surgery in Thailand: a retrospective multicenter study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of strabismus reoperations: clinical insights and progression factors.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- The impact of simultaneous correction of the V pattern on the results of surgical treatment in children with intermittent exotropia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Strabismus Surgery in Intermittent Exotropia and Factors Influencing Outcome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement-a narrative review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Risk of consecutive esotropia after surgery for intermittent exotropia according to passive duction force.PloS one · 2023Article
- Effect of visual perception training on binocular visual function reconstruction in patients after strabismus surgery.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Surgical treatment of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome associated with strabismus and early-onset myopia: Two case reports.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Analysis of Improvement Time and Influencing Factors of Diplopia after Intermittent Exotropia in Children.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2022Article
- Interocular Suppression in Primary Visual Cortex in Strabismus.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Quantitative measurement of passive duction force tension in intermittent exotropia and its clinical implications.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intermittent exotropia (X(T)) is one of the most common form of strabismus with surgery being the mainstay of treatment. The main goal of surgery is to preserve binocular vision and stereopsis and to prevent its further loss. The decision to operate is mainly based on four aspects: increasing angle of exodeviation, deteriorating control of X(T), decrease in stereopsis for near or distance and quality of life. Bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection, are the two most common surgical procedures performed and have been studied extensively in basic, divergence excess and convergence insufficiency types of X(T). However, there is no consensus over the relative efficacy of the two procedures in terms of postoperative alignment, residual or recurrent exotropia and consecutive esotropia with widely variable results, which can be attributed to poor understanding of the natural course of the disease. Multiple demographic, clinical and anatomic features that may influence the surgical outcomes have been studied to explain this variability. Moreover, most of the evidence regarding surgical outcomes of X(T) is from retrospective studies and the ongoing randomised prospective trials can shed light on long-term efficacy of these procedures. The goal of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the outcomes of various surgical techniques in the management of different types of X(T), the preoperative and postoperative factors that may affect the surgical outcomes and to discuss the dilemmas faced by the treating surgeons including the effective management of overcorrection and undercorrection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.