ArticleThe oncologist2019
Sicca Syndrome Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.
Article in The oncologist, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06465628 (Effect of Self-administered Acupressure for Improving Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancer Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 96 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Self-administered Acupressure for Improving Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- What is the incidence and clinical significance of dry eye disease in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors? A systematic review and meta-analysis of ocular immune-related adverse events.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction in oncology patients: a systematic review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- MASCC/ISOO Clinical Practice Statement: management of oral complications of immunotherapy.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Guideline
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and uncontrolled trials reporting on the use of checkpoint blockers in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune disease.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2024Pooled it
- EULAR points to consider for the diagnosis and management of rheumatic immune-related adverse events due to cancer immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2021Guideline
- DNA immunotherapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP): phase 1/2 study assessing efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of INO-3107.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Preexisting autoimmune disease and immune-related adverse events associated with anti-PD-1 cancer immunotherapy: a national case series from the Canadian Research Group of Rheumatology in Immuno-Oncology.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Trial
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Inflammatory Arthritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Sicca Syndrome.Cancers · 2026Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of persistent taste and smell dysfunction after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Observational
- Dental management of oral adverse effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Where is the data? Delayed and chronic irAE surveillance and management after cessation of ICIs: expert insights from SITC on survivorship care and the need for long-term data.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The management of rheumatic immune related adverse events.Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- ICI-induced Granulomatous Sialadenitis is Responsive to Prednisone.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The role and function of CTLA-4 in Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy-induced sialadenitis: sjögren's syndrome or a new sialadenitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Pembrolizumab-associated seronegative sicca syndrome during continued immunotherapy and after drug withdrawal in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A case of severe bilateral corneal ulcer associated with sintilimab therapy: case report and literature review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Taste disorders in cancer patients and current therapeutic approaches: a narrative review of an understudied topic in supportive care.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on byIn Reply.2020
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this study was to characterize the clinicopathologic features of sicca syndrome associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND
methodsConsecutive patients with new or worsening xerostomia in the setting of ICI treatment for benign or malignant neoplastic disease were evaluated, including labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB).
resultsTwenty patients (14 male; median age 57 years) had metastatic melanoma (
conclusionICI therapy is associated with an autoimmune-induced sicca syndrome distinct from Sjögren's syndrome, often abrupt in onset, usually developing within the first 3 months of treatment, and associated with sialadenitis and glandular injury. Improvement can be achieved with a graded approach depending on severity, including withholding the ICI and initiating corticosteroids. However, profound salivary flow deficits may be long term. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Sicca syndrome has been reported as an immune-related adverse event (irAE) of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) for neoplastic diseases. Severe dry mouth (interfering with eating or sleeping) developed abruptly, typically within 90 days, after initiation of ICI therapy. Salivary gland biopsies demonstrated mild-to-severe sialadenitis distinct from Sjögren's syndrome, with diffuse T-cell lymphocytic infiltration and acinar injury. Recognition of the cardinal features of ICI-induced sicca will spur appropriate clinical evaluation and management, including withholding of the ICI and corticosteroid, initiation. This characterization should help oncologists, rheumatologists, and oral medicine specialists better identify patients that develop ICI-induced sicca to initiate appropriate clinical evaluation and therapy to reduce the likelihood of permanent salivary gland dysfunction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.