SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Maternal Viral Infection and Risk of Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- First trimester maternal infections and offspring congenital heart defects: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2026Pooled it
- Assessment of evidence on reported non-genetic risk factors of congenital heart defects: the updated umbrella review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Pooled it
- Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors of Congenital Anomalies: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Journal of Korean medical science · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Viral Infection and Risk of Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- Explainable machine learning model for identifying key risk factors in congenital heart disease prediction using questionnaire data: a retrospective case-control study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Review
- Long-term survival and complications of Fontan patients: where do we stand?American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2026Review
- Review
- Paternal peri-conceptional physical activity and the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring: A case-control study.Andrology · 2025Observational
- The association of increased incidence of congenital heart disease in newborns with maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Maternal obesity, interpregnancy weight changes and congenital heart defects in the offspring: a nationwide cohort study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Cardiac Development and Factors Influencing the Development of Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs): Part I.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Seroinfection of Antibodies toInfectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Reducing the Risk of Birth Defects Associated with Maternal Influenza: Insights from a Hungarian Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Investigating the pathways from preconception care to preventing maternal, perinatal and child mortality: A scoping review and causal loop diagram.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Triplication of the interferon receptor locus contributes to hallmarks of Down syndrome in a mouse model.Nature genetics · 2023Article
- Article
- Maternal Preconception Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Risk of Congenital Heart Diseases in Offspring Among Chinese Women Aged 20 to 49 Years.JAMA pediatrics · 2023Article
- Belimumab use during pregnancy: a summary of birth defects and pregnancy loss from belimumab clinical trials, a pregnancy registry and postmarketing reports.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Article
- Associated factors for prenatally diagnosed fetal congenital heart diseases.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background At present, the association between maternal viral infection and risk of congenital heart diseases ( CHD ) in offspring is uncertain; additionally, a complete overview is missing. A meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to address the question of whether women who had a history of viral infection in early pregnancy were at an increased risk of CHD in offspring, compared with mothers without viral infection. Methods and Results Unrestricted searches were conducted, with an end date parameter of July 15, 2018, of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Libraries, and Chinese databases, to identify studies that met prestated inclusion criteria. Seventeen case-control studies involving 67 233 women were included for analysis. Both fixed-effects models (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI , 1.58-2.12; P<0.0001) and random-effects models ( OR , 2.28; 95% CI , 1.54-3.36; P<0.0001) suggested that mothers who had a history of viral infection in early pregnancy experienced a significantly increased risk of developing CHD in offspring. For specific viral infections, the risk of developing CHD in offspring was significantly increased among mothers with rubella virus (OR, 3.49, 95% CI, 2.39-5.11 in fixed-effects models; and OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.75-7.15 in random-effects models) and cytomegalovirus (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.87-8.36 in fixed-effects models) in early pregnancy; however, other maternal viral infections in early pregnancy were not significantly associated with risk of CHD in offspring. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusions Although the role of potential bias and evidence of heterogeneity should be carefully evaluated, the present study suggests that maternal viral infection is significantly associated with risk of CHD in offspring.
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