ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2019
Heritability, stability, and prevalence of tonic and phasic irritability as indicators of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Task-based fMRI Studies in Youths With Irritability.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Discrete components of stress impact trajectories of childhood irritability but not adolescent mental health outcomes.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Domain Generality or Domain Specificity? The Associations Between Family Adversity, Irritability, and Psychopathology in Adolescence.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Associations of Irritability With Subcortical Brain Volumes.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Combined prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and maternal distress is associated with childhood irritability.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Understanding the Etiology of Externalizing Problems in Young Children: The Roles of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Irritability.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Multi-Informant Scale for Assessing Youth Tonic and Phasic Irritability.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Neural Correlates of Irritability and Potential Moderating Effects of Inhibitory Control.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Article
- Early Predictors and Concurrent Correlates of Tonic and Phasic Irritability in Adolescence.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- An Expanded Conceptual Framework for Understanding Irritability in Childhood: The Role of Cognitive Control Processes.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2024Review
- Parent and Teacher Ratings of Tonic and Phasic Irritability in a Clinical Sample.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Irritability in Youths: A Critical Integrative Review.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Validation of the Arabic version of the brief irritability test (Ar-BITe) in non-clinical adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Stability and Interrelations of Tonic and Phasic Irritability in Adolescent Girls.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Article
- Is the distinction between tonic and phasic irritability meaningful in 3-year-old children?European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Is Irritability a Top Problem in Youth Mental Health Care? A Multi-informant, Multi-method Investigation.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Article
- Robust caregiver-youth discrepancies in irritability ratings on the affective reactivity index: An investigation of its origins.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Validation and Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of Two Irritability-Measuring Tools: The Affective Reactivity Index (ARI) and the Born-Steiner Irritability Scale (BSIS) in the Italian Adult and Adolescent Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Psychometric Validation of the Greek Version of the Scale "Temper Loss" of the Questionnaire "Multidimensional Assessment Profile of Disruptive Behavior (MAP-DB)".Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about genetic and environmental influences on the components of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), tonic irritability (i.e., irritable mood) and phasic irritability (i.e., temper outbursts). This study examined prevalence, stability, and heritability of tonic irritability, phasic irritability, and a DMDD proxy (pDMDD) based on DSM-5 criteria.
methodspDMDD was derived using data from clinical interviews of parents and their twins (N = 1,431 twin pairs), ages 8-17, participating in Waves 1 and 2 of the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. Biometrical modeling was used to compare a common pathway model (CPM) and an independent pathway model (IPM), and heritability estimates were obtained for pDMDD using the symptoms of irritable mood (tonic irritability; DMDD Criterion D), intense temper outbursts (phasic irritability; DMDD Criterion A), and frequent temper outbursts (phasic irritability; DMDD Criterion C).
resultsLifetime prevalence of pDMDD was 7.46%. The stability of DMDD symptoms and the pDMDD phenotype across approximately one year were moderate (.30-.69). A CPM was a better fit to the data than an IPM. Phasic irritability loaded strongly onto the pDMDD latent factor (.89-.96) whereas tonic irritability did not (.28). Genetic influences accounted for approximately 59% of the variance in the latent pDMDD phenotype, with the remaining 41% of the variance due to unique environmental effects. The heritability of tonic irritability (54%) was slightly lower than that of frequent and intense temper (components of phasic irritability; 61% and 63%, respectively).
conclusionsCompared to tonic irritability, phasic irritability appears to be slightly more stable and heritable, as well as a stronger indicator of the latent factor. Furthermore, environmental experiences appear to play a substantial role in the development of irritability and DMDD, and researchers should seek to elucidate these mechanisms in future work.
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