SynthesisJournal of general internal medicine2019
Gender Bias in Resident Assessment in Graduate Medical Education: Review of the Literature.
Synthesis in Journal of general internal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global Gender Differences in Pilonidal Sinus Disease: A Random-Effects Meta-Analysis.World journal of surgery · 2020Pooled it
- Gender Differences in Work-Based Assessment Scores and Narrative Comments After Direct Observation.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Trial
- Impact of faculty and resident gender on milestone evaluations in anesthesiology residency: a retrospective analysis.Medical education online · 2026Article
- Designing and validating a clinical competency logbook for workplace-based assessment in undergraduate medical education: A foundational psychometric analysis.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Analysis of OSCE-based clinical competency assessment among critical care medicine residents in Zhejiang Province, China: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Diversity in operative coaching: exploring gender and race differences in evaluations.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Feasibility and efficacy of a neurovascular ultrasound training course for undergraduate medical students.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Conceptual Framework and Methods for Evaluating an Intervention to Improve Psychological Safety in Graduate Medical Education.Family medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Uncovering Disparities in Medical Education: Advisory Guide of Strategies and Best Practices for Illuminating Blind Spots.Medical science educator · 2025Article
- Milestones Progression of International Medical Graduates in Family Medicine.Family medicine · 2025Article
- Deviation Factors of Medical Operational Skills in Terms of Clinical Skills Training, Assessment Methods, and Digitalized Education - A Prisma-Based Review.Medical science educator · 2025Review
- Entrustable professional activities for pediatric and subspecialties residency training in China.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- The hidden curriculum: examining gender disparities in career trajectories of female medical graduates from Nepal.BMC public health · 2025Article
- CBME-The Challenge Is in the Details.Family medicine · 2025Article
- Physician Gender and Patient Perceptions of Interpersonal and Technical Skills in Online Reviews.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Investigating the Road to Equity: A Scoping Review of Solutions to Mitigate Implicit Bias in Assessment within Medical Education.Perspectives on medical education · 2025Article
- Co-Designing a Justice-Oriented Assessment System in a Pediatric Residency Program: Report from the Designing for Equity in Medical Education Project.Perspectives on medical education · 2025Article
- Methods for Studying Bias in Graduate Medical Education.PRiMER (Leawood, Kan.) · 2025Article
- Beyond the Scores: Gendered Interpretations of Emergency Medicine Resident Assessments of Interdependent Performances.Perspectives on medical education · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCompetency-based medical education relies on meaningful resident assessment. Implicit gender bias represents a potential threat to the integrity of resident assessment. We sought to examine the available evidence of the potential for and impact of gender bias in resident assessment in graduate medical education.
methodsA systematic literature review was performed to evaluate the presence and influence of gender bias on resident assessment. We searched Medline and Embase databases to capture relevant articles using a tiered strategy. Review was conducted by two independent, blinded reviewers. We included studies with primary objective of examining the impact of gender on resident assessment in graduate medical education in the USA or Canada published from 1998 to 2018.
resultsNine studies examined the existence and influence of gender bias in resident assessment and data included rating scores and qualitative comments. Heterogeneity in tools, outcome measures, and methodologic approach precluded meta-analysis. Five of the nine studies reported a difference in outcomes attributed to gender including gender-based differences in traits ascribed to residents, consistency of feedback, and performance measures.
conclusionOur review suggests that gender bias poses a potential threat to the integrity of resident assessment in graduate medical education. Future study is warranted to understand how gender bias manifests in resident assessment, impact on learners and approaches to mitigate this bias.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.